INGABE I-PARTHENOGENESIS EZINHLOLWENI ZABANTU IKHONA OKWENZEKA KWEZESAYENSI?

nguJoseph Clements, MD

[Lesi sihloko mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka ukuzalwa kwentombi kubantu sanyatheliswa ku Izwi, Vol. 8, No. 1, lapho uHarold W. Percival engumhleli. Yonke imibhalo yaphansi isayinwe ngokuthi “Ed.” okubonisa ukuthi zabhalwa uMnu Percival.]

Kule ngxoxo emfushane akuhlongozwanga ukufuna ubufakazi besibonelo esithile se-human parthenogenesis, isiphakamiso sinqunyelwe kungenzeka kwecala elinjalo. Yiqiniso, ihlobene nalokho okucatshangwa ukuthi—ukuzalwa kukaJesu yincasakazi—futhi uma ubufakazi balokho kungenzeka buyosusa isihloko esiyisisekelo sokholo olungokwenkolo sisuke esisekelweni esiyisimangaliso siye kwesesayensi. Nokho kubalulekile zisuka nje ukuqaphela umehluko owenziwe phakathi kokuboniswa kwesenzakalo esithile kanye nobufakazi bokuba nokwenzeka kwesayensi kuphela.

Ngokwayo, umbuzo wesayensi kuphela futhi kufanele uhlaselwe lapha.

Ingxoxo ye-parthenogenesis ibandakanya ukucatshangelwa okuvamile komsebenzi wokuzala futhi inhlolovo emfushane engenzeka lapha kuphela, nokho, ingase inikeze umbono ophelele nolungile wohlobo oluthile lokuzala olunikeza isithakazelo kulolu cwaningo.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha, uma kunikezwe into ephilayo yokuqala, kuthakaselwa izinhlobo zezilwane noma ukukhiqizwa kohlanga kanye nokuqhubekela phambili, kanye nokuvela kwezinhlobo eziphakeme zezinto eziphilayo. Iphuzu lokugcina—ukuvela kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezithuthukayo—kumelwe lichithwe ngokuqhubekayo njengelingahambisani nesiphakamiso samanje.

Ukulondolozwa kohlanga kuhambisana nokungena enhlanganweni yomjaho, futhi ukuzalana kuqala, okomuntu ngamunye, bese kuba okwezinhlobo zezilwane.

Lo mehluko ubalulekile ukuqashelwa njengokuphathelene nombuzo okufanele uphendulwe, futhi njengoqondisa isiqondiso sempikiswano okufanele yakhiwe.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokukhiqiza ziyi-asexual yakudala kanye nocansi lwakamuva. Indlela elula yokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-asexual ngokuqhekeka noma ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, ingxenye ngayinye ilingana nenye, yayiyindlela ekhona futhi iyindlela ekhona emazingeni okuqala naphansi kakhulu ezinto eziphilayo, enokuhlukahluka "kokuhluma" kanye "ne-sporation," ezayo futhi kuze kufike emsebenzini wokuzala oyinkimbinkimbi-ubulili.

Ezintweni eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ekwakhekeni kwazo okuphilayo kukhona ubulili obubili obunezitho ezikhethekile nemisebenzi. Ukukhiqizwa ngokocansi kufinyelelwa ekuhlanganiseni noma ekuhlanganisweni kwamaseli amabili, i-ovum ne-spermatozoon. Kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlukene kukhona kokubili igciwane leduna nelensikazi, uhlobo lwe-hermaphrodism, futhi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuya emsebenzini ophelele wocansi.

Ikhwalithi ebalulekile noma uhlamvu lokuzalaniswa kocansi okuvamile noma okuphelele ukuxutshwa kwezingxenye ezilinganayo (zofuzo) zenuclei yowesilisa nowesifazane (i-Haeckel).

Ezintweni ezithile eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwebanga lapho ukukhiqizwa ngokobulili kuye kwavela futhi kwasungulwa, i-parthenogenesis itholakala, hhayi njengokuguqulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-asexual kwangaphambili ekuthuthukeni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuya kufomu elithuthukisiwe noma locansi, kodwa lapho umsebenzi wezocansi ombaxambili usemfashinini; futhi ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ingxenye yesilisa yomsebenzi iyalahlwa noma ikhishwe, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokungadingeki kulezo zimo ezithile, noma ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi ethintwa ngenye indlela. Lokhu kuphela i-parthenogenesis ehlanzekile futhi elula. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hermaphrodism ziwukuguqulwa kwayo yomibili imisebenzi, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi ngokuhlangana.

Le parthenogenesis emsulwa itholakala kwezinye izigaba zezinto eziphilayo (hhayi nje abantu ngabanye) ku-histona, amanye ama-platode kanye nezinkulumo eziphakeme, izinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa kanjalo, ngokwezinga elikhulu, ezivamile.

Noma kunjalo, i-parthenogenetic ayikaze isungulwe njengendlela ehlala njalo yokuzala; ngomqondo othile, noma ngokoqobo, kuyaphela. Kunokukhubazeka okuthile okungokwemvelo nokuntula amandla—umfanekiso wawo esinawo kungxubevange, umnyuzi, nakuba ungeyona into efanayo.

Kulesi senzakalo sokuzalanisa izimfanelo zesilisa zehhashi zithathelwa indawo yilezo zembongolo, kodwa lezi zingalingani, ngayo yonke imininingwane, yalezo zehhashi, ukukhiqiza kabusha—umsebenzi ophazanyiswe—kumisa umnyuzi. Emkhiqizweni womnyuzi esikhundleni esingaphelele—umsebenzi wembongolo wanele. Kodwa ekulondolozweni nasekuqhubekeni komncintiswano uyehluleka, awufaneleki; umnyuzi awuzali, futhi imbongolo nehhashi bangabazali kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuzala.

Ukuze umsebenzi wesilisa ekukhiqizeni kube owokuqala nokubalulekile ekunikezelweni kwezakhiwo zesilisa ngenhloso yokuqhubekisela phambili uhlanga. Izinhlamvu zesilisa ezingaphelele zembongolo zinekhono eligcwele ekukhiqizeni umnyuzi, njengesilwane esiphelele, kanjalo, njengomzali noma umzali, futhi siphakeme kunanoma ngandlela thize, kodwa asikwazi emsebenzini wokuzala.

Ku-parthenogenesis abalingiswa besilisa bahlukaniswa,[1][1] Umlingiswa wesilisa akanikezwanga ngempela. Iqukethwe emzimbeni wesifazane nasemangqamuzaneni amaqanda esimweni sokucasha, futhi iqala ukusebenza kuphela ngesikhathi esibucayi.—Umhl. ukuzala kuyafinyelelwa nokho, kulawo mabanga aphansi empilo, okunikeza inkinga ekukhiqizeni ukuze kube nesixazululo.

Kule parthenogenesis yakudala izimfanelo zesilisa azihlinzekwa yizimo zemvelo, ukuze ingxenye eyinhloko yomsebenzi wesilisa—okuthi ngentshisekelo yokuqhubekisela phambili uhlanga—ayikho, futhi ayinikezwa ngenye indlela. Imisebenzi yokuzala ingaphelele ukungakwazi kufanele kube kuleyo ngxenye yomsebenzi obalulekile ekulondolozweni kohlanga—abalingiswa besilisa abanikeza lokhu. Lokhu sekuvele kwabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi i-parthenogenesis akuyona indlela emisiwe yokukhiqiza kabusha, amakilasi lapho ithola khona ukungaqhubeki ekuthuthukisweni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Noma ngabe iyiphi incazelo engatholakala yokukhiqiza kabusha lapho izinhlamvu zesilisa zinganikezwanga—okungukuthi, ku-parthenogenesis “evamile”—ukunikezwa nje kwezakhiwo zesilisa akuhlanganisi wonke umsebenzi wesilisa. Njengoba kwaziwa kahle, i-parthenogenesis muva nje iboniswe futhi yazuzwa ocwaningweni lukaSolwazi Loeb noMathews eNyuvesi yaseChicago. Le miphumela yokuhlolwa ifakazela ukuthi umsebenzi wesilisa ekukhiqizeni uphindwe kabili: ukunikezwa kwabalingisi besilisa ngentshisekelo yokuqhubeka kohlanga ekukhiqizeni, kanye ukubulala izinhlungu emsebenzini wesifazane ekuthuthukisweni.[2][2] I-Catalysis ibangwa, ngokuyinhloko umlingiswa wesilisa njenge-spermatozoon, noma umsebenzi wesifazane, kodwa isici sesithathu esihlala sizinzile nakuba sibangela ukuhlangana kwembewu neqanda, ukuwohloka kwayo ngayinye kanjalo. kanye nokwakhiwa noma ukushintsha ngokwesici sesithathu noma esizinzile esikhona.—Umhl.

USolwazi uLoeb wakhipha ingxenye yokuqala neyinhloko yomsebenzi wesilisa nangokunikezwa kokwenziwa kwekhambi lamakhemikhali likasawoti wezinto ezingaphili ikhemikhali catalysis yanikeza isikhuthazo esidingekayo engxenyeni yesifazane yomsebenzi wokuzala, futhi amaqanda e-starfish afika ekuvuthweni kancane kancane. ukuthuthukiswa.[3][3] Usawoti unikeze isici esihle somzimba ukuxhumana namaqanda, kodwa i-catalysis yabangelwa ukuba khona kwesici sesithathu, esingesona esingokomzimba. Isici sesithathu kanye nembangela ye-catalysis ikhona esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila. Isici sesithathu sihlukile ngezimiso nomusa kumuntu.—Umhl.

Kulokhu, okuyi-parthenogenesis yeqiniso, impahla yomsebenzi obalulekile ekulondolozweni kohlanga iyalahleka, okungukuthi, ngokulingana, kulezi zidalwa eziphansi, zokunikezwa kwezinhlamvu zabesilisa esimweni ngasinye sokuzalana. . Ukuthi lokhu kulingana nokulahlekelwa okuphelele komsebenzi wokuzala kuncike kuhlamvu namandla omsebenzi wesifazane ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo okukodwa komuntu. Okusho ukuthi, kuncike ekutheni inhlanzi yenkanyezi i-parthenogenetically evolved iyakwazi yini ukuzala, futhi ingakanani.

Kubukeka sengathi ukuqhubekela phambili kohlanga hhayi kuhlinzekelwe ku-parthenogenesis ebangelwayo; kwenziwa ukuthi kwenzeke emsebenzini wesifazane kuphela[4][4] I-Parthenogenesis ingenzeka esilwaneni sesifazane sodwa. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-parthenogenesis ebonakalayo ingenzeka kakhulu emzimbeni wesilisa nowesifazane, njengoba kuzobonakala kamuva.—Umhl., okungukuthi, nge-catalysis enikeziwe, futhi uma kunjalo, kude kangakanani?[5][5] Umlingiswa wesilisa ngeke akhishwe ekulondolozeni umjaho ngokomzimba. Kungase kwenzeke ngesenzo samakhemikhali ukunxenxa i-catalysis kumuntu wesifazane, kodwa inkinga bekungeke kube okomuntu ngoba isici kanye nembangela ye-catalysis ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile kocansi ngeke kube khona, futhi isibopho phakathi kweqanda ne-elementi yamakhemikhali ngeke kube khona. okubangelwa ukuba khona kwesici noma uhlobo oluthile ngaphansi komuntu.—Umhl.

Ku-parthenogenesis etholwe ngokuzenzisa into elula futhi, ingase iqokwe, ukuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo emsebenzini wesifazane yilokho okuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwekhambi lamakhemikhali. Kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwe-catalysis kuncike esimweni namandla omsebenzi wesifazane lapho encishwa ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yomsebenzi wesilisa ohlinzekwa ngokujwayelekile. Noma, ngamanye amazwi, ingabe indawo yokuzala isaphelele ku-star-fish parthenogenetically efinyelelwe? Futhi, uma kunjalo, ingagcinwa isikhathi esingakanani?

Ucwaningo lomsebenzi wesifazane wokuzala ngokuphelele kuzobonisa ukuhambisana nokubaluleka kwale mibuzo; futhi njengoba isiphakamiso esiphambi kwethu simayelana ne-parthenogenesis yomuntu siqhubekela phambili ekucabangeleni umsebenzi wokuzala womuntu, futhi ikakhulukazi ingxenye yawo yesifazane.

Umkhiqizo wokuzalana kwabantu ngokobulili okuvamile yinzalo enezinhlamvu zabo bobabili abazali. Zombili izinhlobo zezinhlamvu zihlale zitholakala enzalweni futhi lezi zinikeza ibhalansi kumzimba okhiqizwayo. Ukube besinenzalo enezinhlamvu zesifazane kuphela zofuzo—uma sicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka—umzimba wawungase uphelele, unjalo, kodwa untule kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezivamile. Ubufakazi bokufaneleka kokucatshangelwa kubonakala ku-parthenogenetic star-fish. Kodwa, njengoba sesibonile, kwakuyoba khona ukuntula nokungakwazi kwezinye izici nezakhiwo, futhi ngenxa yokungakwazi komnyuzi ekuzaleni kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukuntuleka kwakuyoba sekuzalweni, okuwumsebenzi ophazanyiswe kunoma iyiphi i-parthenogenesis. Ukuze ngaphezu kokulingana kohlamvu, umsebenzi wesilisa ekunikeni izici zesilisa uhlanganisa futhi lesi sici sobudoda, okuthi ku-parthenogenesis bube bungekho, bulondoloze futhi njengoba umsebenzi wokuzala wesifazane ungase ube nawo ngamandla ngofuzo (a udaba okumele kufinyelelwe kulo ngokuqhubekayo).

Imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile yokuphila—ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuzala—kuyimisebenzi eyisisekelo kuwo wonke amabanga ezinto eziphilayo ukusuka kwephansi kuya phezulu, kanye nokuguqulwa njengoba imvelo iqhubeka futhi ikhuphuka. Izakhiwo okungenzeka kanye nasemikhawulweni etholakala ezintweni eziphilayo ezithuthukile azisebenzi ezinhlotsheni eziphansi nezakudala zempilo, futhi ukukhuluma kuyiqiniso, ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile.

Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza kabusha ingxubevange ebangeni eliphakeme, umnyuzi, uma ugxambukela, ukuzala kuyema ngokushesha, kodwa ku-hybridism ephansi esikalini sempilo lo mkhawulo awusebenzi, okungenani hhayi ngezinga elifanayo, okuyinhlanganisela evundile ngokuphawulekayo—okufanele kukhunjulwe ekulinganiseni uhlamvu namandla omsebenzi wesifazane ekuzaleni komuntu.

UProfesa Ernst Haeckel, isikhulu esiphezulu kulolu phiko lwesayensi, uthi: “Iqanda lencekukazi elivuthiwe linamaqanda angaba ngu-70,000 XNUMX, ngalinye lawo elingase likhule libe umuntu ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo.” Izimo ezivumayo kuthiwa “ukuhlangana nesidoda sowesilisa ngemva kokukhululwa kwelinye lala maqanda esibelethweni.”

Yebo kuningi okufanele kubhekwe ekuchazeni izitatimende zikaSolwazi Haeckel ngenhla.

Kusukela eqinisweni le-parthenogenesis ku-star-fish, ngisho, kulungile ukucabanga ukuthi i-ovum yesifazane, ngaphandle kokwengezwa kwabalingisi besilisa, iyakwazi ukuthuthuka ibe umuntu, nakuba izakhiwo ezinentshisekelo yokuqhubekela phambili kohlanga zingase zibe ntula. esimweni esithile. Lokhu kubonakala njengeqiniso ku-star-fish parthenogenesis, kungani ingeke ibe ngokulingana kwayo kumuntu kumele iboniswe.

Manje—ukuhambisana nesidingo sabalingiswa besilisa ngenjongo yokulondolozwa kohlanga, njengaku-parthenogenesis eyengayo—konke okungadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe iqanda lowesifazane libe umuntu kuwukucutshungulwa okuzenzakalelayo komsebenzi wesifazane omelelwe futhi ohlinzekwa ngamakhemikhali. i-catalysis ku-star-fish parthenogenesis.[6](a). Umuntu uhlukile “eqenjini lezilwane ezincelisayo” ngoba unesici esisuswe ngokuphelele kwabanye. Kwamanye eqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo, isifiso umgomo olawula futhi ucacise isici, esinquma uhlobo. Ebantwini, isimiso sokuthi ingqondo isici esengeziwe okungenzeka ngaso ukuguqula uhlelo lokukhiqiza kabusha. (b). Akukho okungokomzimba okulinganayo kwe-chemical catalysis ku-star-fish parthenogenesis, okungenani hhayi entweni ephilayo engokobulili ekhona, kodwa kune-catalysis efanayo engase iphumele kulokho okungase kubizwe ngokuthi i-psychical parthenogenesis.—Umhl. Ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe komsebenzi wesifazane womuntu ekukhiqizeni kungase kusekele isimo esithathwe lapha.

Lesi sibeletho esivuthiwe sencekukazi evuthiwe, ekwazi ukukhula ibe umuntu, inazo zonke izinhlamvu zentokazi. Kulokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlamvu zofuzo zabo bobabili abazali bakhe, nalabo bokhokho babo emabangeni okuziphendukela kwemvelo adlule.[7][7] Lokhu kusondele kakhulu eqinisweni. Kuyenzeka ukuthi umzimba womuntu ukhiqize kokubili imbewu neqanda, nakuba umuntu ovamile engakhula futhi achaze kabanzi kodwa eyodwa kokubili. Isidalwa ngasinye sinemisebenzi yomibili; enye iyasebenza futhi iyabusa, enye icindezelwe noma inamandla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nange-anatomically. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlanga lwesintu olunayo yomibili imisebenzi esebenzayo. Izidalwa ezingavamile zizalwa zinezitho zesilisa nezesifazane, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-hermaphrodites. Lokhu kuyishwa, ngoba azifaneleki izidingo zomzimba zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lobulili, futhi azinawo amandla engqondo namandla okufanele ahambisane ne-hermaphrodite evamile futhi ethuthuke ngokugcwele nayo yomibili imisebenzi esebenzayo. Emzimbeni womuntu wesilisa nowesifazane kunamagciwane amabili, positive kanye negethivu. Igciwane lendoda eliqondile alishiyi noma iyiphi into ephilayo ngesikhathi sokuphila. Igciwane le-negative lesifazane ngalinye elithintana nelinye. Emzimbeni wesilisa igciwane elibi liyakhula futhi lisebenze ngamandla e-spermatozoon; emzimbeni wesifazane igciwane eliphikisayo liyakhula futhi lisebenze njengeqanda.

Umzimba womuntu omdala uvuthisa igciwane elibi njengembewu noma iqanda, njengoba kungowesilisa noma owesifazane. Lezi zimbewu noma amaqanda ayaguquguquka futhi ancike ohlelweni lwezinzwa njengesithelo esihlahleni. Lapho sezivuthiwe zidonswa ngemigudu evamile emhlabeni, ukuze zilahleke njengembewu enhlabathini ewugwadule noma ziphumele ekuzalweni komuntu. Lena inkambo evamile. Kungase kushintshwe ngethonya elinamandla elingokwengqondo. Lapho igciwane lomuntu selivuthiwe kuyenzeka ukuthi ingqondo isebenze kulo ukuze ikhiqize i-catalysis ephelele, kodwa le-auto-catalysis, esikhundleni sokuyishintsha isuke esimweni esithile somzimba iye kwesinye, iyayishintsha isuke kwenyama iye esimweni somqondo. . Okusho ukuthi, igciwane elingokomzimba likhushulelwa emandleni aphakeme, njengoba amanzi angase aguqulwe abe isitimu; njengasekuqhubekeni kwezibalo, inyuselwa emandleni esibili. Kube sekuyiqanda lengqondo emvelweni yomuntu. Ayilahlekanga izici zayo zokuzala. Kulesi simo sengqondo i-ovum yengqondo iyakwazi ukuvuthwa futhi iqale inqubo efana nokukhulelwa nokukhula kwengane. Ukuthuthukiswa lapha, nokho, kungokwengqondo, futhi esikhundleni sokuthi isibeletho sisetshenziselwe ukungena, ukukhulelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sibeletho se-psychic, enye ingxenye yomzimba yenza lowo msebenzi. Le ngxenye inhloko. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane elijwayelekile lomzimba kwenzeka ngezitho zokuzala, kodwa uma liguqulwa lisuka kwelenyama liye esimweni somqondo alisaxhunywanga nalezi zitho. I-ovum yengqondo idlula iye phezulu isuka engxenyeni engezansi yomgogodla iye entanjeni yomgogodla, bese ingena phakathi kobuchopho lapho ihlangabezwa khona igciwane lendoda eliqondile okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili. Khona-ke, ngokulangazelela okukhulu nokuphakanyiswa kwengqondo bayashukunyiswa futhi bahlukunyezwe ukutheleka okuvela phezulu, kuBuyena bomuntu obungcwele. Bese kuqala inqubo yengqondo nokuthuthuka okuholela ekuzalweni kwesidalwa esihlakaniphe esihlukile nesiphelele ngaphandle komzimba. Lesi silwane akusona esingokomzimba. Kungokwengqondo, kuyakhanya.—Umhl. Akukho ukuntula kwezimfanelo zesilisa ekunikezeni ifa lentombi ngokwayo, noma kulokho okufanele ikunikeze, futhi uma kwenzeka i-parthenogenesis, ihambisa ngokwengezwa okujwayelekile kwezakhiwo zoyise kulesi sibonelo, akubonakali. ukuthi kuzoba nekhefu elingathi sína ekuqhubekeni kofuzo kwabesilisa okusongela amandla esenzakalo sokuzala esisheshayo.

I-ovary yentombazane njengesidleke sezinyosi (ezinamandla angu-70,000 XNUMX) iye yaqhubeka yaze yakhiqiza futhi yavuthisa la maqanda ngobuningi kangaka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umsebenzi wentombazane uhlinzeka ngolwelwesi olufanele noma isembozo sangaphakathi esikhethekile sokwamukela iqanda—i-venous eyinkimbinkimbi ehlelwa kusengaphambili—kanye nokondliwa nokukhula kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye alawa ma-ova ayakhululwa, akhishwe esibelethweni futhi adluliselwe amashubhu ahlinzekelwe leyo njongo, aqhubekele esibelethweni ngaphambi kokuba ahlale “njengendawo yokuzala;” futhi konke lokhu ngaphandle kosizo lomsebenzi wesilisa kunoma iyiphi indlela, ngaphandle uma i-demurrer iphakanyiselwe endaweni yokugcina—ukudlula kweqanda lodwa liye esibelethweni.

Ukukhulelwa kwe-extra-uterine kanye ne-tubal kuwubufakazi bokuthi isidoda ngokwaso sihamba siye eshubhu le-fallopian futhi lapho sihlangana ne-ovum. Ucwaningo kulolu daba lubonakala lubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungase kube indlela evamile; kodwa ubufakazi obengeziwe buyadingeka ukuze kufakazele ukuthi akwenzeki ukuthi i-ovum ngokwayo idlulele esibelethweni futhi eduze nendawo lapho i-germinal kwakheka khona ngaphambi kokuhlangana nesidoda. Kodwa ikakhulukazi—lokhu kufakazelwa—kunweba kuphela futhi kwandise amandla nokubaluleka kwe-catalysis yesigameko somsebenzi wesilisa, okunikeza umfutho weqanda ukuba liphume eshubhuni lingene esibelethweni lihlale endaweni elungiselelwe; i-demurrer ayihlanganisi ukungenzeki ngokomzimba noma kwamakhemikhali kwinto yowesifazane ecatshangwayo.

Isigaba sesibili somsebenzi wokuzala owake wangena kuso—iqanda lentombazane elibambelele odongeni lwesibeletho—lifana nelowesifazane ngokuphelele njengoba laliyingxenye yokuqala, lingashayi indiva iphuzu ku-demurrer eliqashelwa ngenhla.

Umsebenzi wokuzala ufezwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Ingxenye esesivele ichazwe, isigaba sokuqala, yilesi, njengoba sesibonile, esowesifazane ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokunikezwa abalingiswa besilisa ngenhloso yokulondolozwa kohlanga, kanye nengozi eyenzeka emsebenzini wesifazane. Ukuthi ngokwesibonelo esithile kukhishwe isidingo sezimfanelo zesilisa, njengoba kugunyazwa i-star-fish parthenogenesis, okudingekayo kuphela ekuvulweni kwesigaba sesibili salokhu umfutho weqanda ukuthi libambelele endaweni emila kuyo, noma Iningi livela engxenyeni engezansi yeshubhu le-fallopian ngaphambi kwalokhu. Lokhu kufezwa, nganoma iyiphi indlela, wonke amandla okuzala wesifazane aguqulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi asetshenziswe esigabeni esisele somsebenzi wokuthuthuka. Akukho ukukhululwa kwe-ova noma ukulungiswa kwendawo ye-placenta yesibeletho okudingekayo noma okwenziwe-ukuthula kuyabusa lapha, amandla okuzala ayadingeka kwenye indawo.

Ngaphambi kokufika endaweni yokugcina empikiswaneni umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ne-parthenogenesis ezilwaneni eziphakeme—izilwane ezincelisayo—lezo eziphakathi kwezinto eziphila emazingeni aphansi lapho ezitholakala khona ngokujwayelekile naku-star-fish, kanye nephezulu kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, umuntu. , amagama ambalwa azobonisa impendulo ukuthi inegethivu. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwendlela ye-asexual yokukhiqiza kugqama kakhulu ubulili ezithweni nasezithweni zokusebenza. Ukukhiqiza kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu, ukubambisana okuhlangene kwezitho kanye nobubili bomsebenzi okwenza ukusabalalisa ngokugcwalisa okuphelele komsebenzi wesilisa kube nzima nakakhulu, kanye nokunikezwa kwe-catalysis, njengasemabangeni alula okuphila, okulingana ne-catalysis yabesilisa emsebenzini wokuba lula futhi kube nokwenzeka kakhudlwana ukwenziwa komgunyathi noma ukushintshwa. Emabangeni aphezulu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima kakhulu futhi kungabonakala kungenakwenzeka ngokwesayensi. Ukuze ngaphansi komuntu kuya esilwaneni esincelisayo esiphansi kunazo zonke i-catalysis ephumelelayo yale ngxenye yengozi yomsebenzi wesilisa ibonakala ingenakwenzeka.

Lokhu kusishiyela umbuzo wokugcina: Ingabe umuntu angaba ngaphandle kwalesi simiso eqenjini lezilwane ezincelisayo ezikhiqizayo zocansi? Futhi ngalo mbuzo: Kungaba yini esimweni sokuzala komuntu okulingana ne-chemical catalysis ku-star-fish parthenogenesis?[8][8] Ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje kwemvelo yomjaho, abukho ubulili obunamandla okuthuthukisa kokubili imbewu neqanda entweni eyodwa ukuze kuphumele ekuzalweni komuntu ojwayelekile, ngoba lolo hlangothi lwemvelo olufihlekile alunalo. izindlela zokuthuthukisa kanye nokwenaba kwembewu noma iqanda elicashile; ngakho-ke ukuzalwa kwe-parthenogenetic noma yintombi nto akunakwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ithonya elinamandla elingokwengqondo lingase lilethe i-catalysis, kodwa i-catalysis enjalo ngeke iphumele ekuzalweni ngokomzimba.

Umzimba womuntu omdala uvuthisa igciwane elibi njengembewu noma iqanda, njengoba kungowesilisa noma owesifazane. Lezi zimbewu noma amaqanda ayaguquguquka futhi ancike ohlelweni lwezinzwa njengesithelo esihlahleni. Lapho sezivuthiwe zidonswa ngemigudu evamile emhlabeni, ukuze zilahleke njengembewu enhlabathini ewugwadule noma ziphumele ekuzalweni komuntu. Lena inkambo evamile. Kungase kushintshwe ngethonya elinamandla elingokwengqondo. Lapho igciwane lomuntu selivuthiwe kuyenzeka ukuthi ingqondo isebenze kulo ukuze ikhiqize i-catalysis ephelele, kodwa le-auto-catalysis, esikhundleni sokuyishintsha isuke esimweni esithile somzimba iye kwesinye, iyayishintsha isuke kwenyama iye esimweni somqondo. . Okusho ukuthi, igciwane elingokomzimba likhushulelwa emandleni aphakeme, njengoba amanzi angase aguqulwe abe isitimu; njengasekuqhubekeni kwezibalo, inyuselwa emandleni esibili. Kube sekuyiqanda lengqondo emvelweni yomuntu. Ayilahlekanga izici zayo zokuzala. Kulesi simo sengqondo i-ovum yengqondo iyakwazi ukuvuthwa futhi iqale inqubo efana nokukhulelwa nokukhula kwengane. Ukuthuthukiswa lapha, nokho, kungokwengqondo, futhi esikhundleni sokuthi isibeletho sisetshenziselwe ukungena, ukukhulelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sibeletho se-psychic, enye ingxenye yomzimba yenza lowo msebenzi. Le ngxenye inhloko. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane elijwayelekile lomzimba kwenzeka ngezitho zokuzala, kodwa uma liguqulwa lisuka kwelenyama liye esimweni somqondo alisaxhunywanga nalezi zitho. I-ovum yengqondo idlula iye phezulu isuka engxenyeni engezansi yomgogodla iye entanjeni yomgogodla, bese ingena phakathi kobuchopho lapho ihlangabezwa khona igciwane lendoda eliqondile okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili. Khona-ke, ngokulangazelela okukhulu nokuphakanyiswa kwengqondo bayashukunyiswa futhi bahlukunyezwe ukutheleka okuvela phezulu, kuBuyena bomuntu obungcwele. Bese kuqala inqubo yengqondo nokuthuthuka okuholela ekuzalweni kwesidalwa esihlakaniphe esihlukile nesiphelele ngaphandle komzimba. Lesi silwane akusona esingokomzimba. Kungokwengqondo, kuyakhanya.—Umhl.

Umuntu uyimvelo ephakeme kakhulu yemvelo; imisebenzi lapha ithole ukukhula kwayo okuphelele kakhulu. Futhi nakuba kubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi azikho izimo zemvelo ezingavela ukuze zenze ingxenye yesilisa yomsebenzi wokuzala ingadingekile—njengamazinga aphansi kakhulu okuphila—kungenzeka ngendlela efanayo, uma kungenakwenzeka, ukuthi noma iyiphi impumelelo yokwenziwa yangaphandle ye-catalysis umsebenzi wabesifazane unikeza isithembiso sempumelelo. Uma i-catalysis enjalo ingenzeka kufanele kube i-auto-catalysis-i-catalysis ezuzwa umzimba ngokwawo, ngesenzo sokubambisana somunye umsebenzi noma imisebenzi yawo. Uma ihluleka kulokhu, i-parthenogenesis yomuntu kufanele ibhekwe njengento engenakwenzeka—ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali.

Emzimbeni womuntu, ukusebenza kwengqondo kuyimisebenzi ephakeme kakhulu. Ekuguquguqukeni okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziphilayo kusukela egciwaneni lokuqala le-unicellular kuze kufike kumuntu imisebenzi yenyama iye yathuthuka ngokuphindaphindeka nokuphindaphindeka, futhi inqubekelaphambili iye yaba kancane kancane isuka kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela kokubonakalayo kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo kuya kokunamandla kanye nokwengqondo. Isinyathelo ngasinye kanye nebanga lokuziphendukela kwemvelo entweni ngayinye, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwazo zibe izinhlobo nezinhlobo, kuye kwanda kakhulu ukusebenza futhi ingqondo. Ngaphansi kokuphila okuphilayo, ukwakheka kwezicubu ezilula kanye nokunyakaza kwezicubu kuthinta imisebenzi elula yokudla okunomsoco kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli-ayikho impilo "yengqondo" yezinto eziphilayo ezicatshangelwe kahle-okungukuthi, i-psychic yohlobo oluphakeme.

Ukuqhubekela phambili, izicubu zihlanganiswa futhi zenze izitho, futhi kusukela "ezilwaneni ezingenamzimba" izinga likhuphukela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ezinama-congeries ezitho, lapho imisebenzi yezicubu, nemisebenzi yezitho, kanye namaqembu emisebenzi ye-organic ithatha ubuningi obuqhubekayo nobunkimbinkimbi. .

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphila kube khona emhlabeni endaweni ethile kusukela ezigidini ezingamashumi amabili kuya kweziyikhulu zeminyaka, lapho lokhu kwehlukana kwezinto eziphilayo bekulokhu kuphumelela, futhi kancane kancane eziqondisweni ezikhonjiswe ngenhla-enguqulweni noma ekuzuzweni kokuphindaphindeka kwemisebenzi. Ukuze ezinto eziphilayo eziphakeme kube nemisebenzi engumkhiqizo noma umphumela wayo imisebenzi. Okubonwayo komsebenzi wokuqala-ukudla okunomsoco-kuwumphumela osheshayo wokunyakaza okulula kwamaseli noma izicubu. Ukuphila kwe-organic, empeleni, kunesisekelo somzimba, kanye nemisebenzi yomzimba ngokushesha sebenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo. Ngobuningi bemisebenzi ephilayo yezinto eziphilayo eziphakeme kakhulu, imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi (okuyizinto ezavela kamuva) isuswa kakhulu kweyisisekelo efinyelelwa ngokushesha ngokunyakaza kwezicubu nezitho—eminye yemisebenzi ephakeme incike kancane ngokushesha imisebenzi ebonakalayo kunemisebenzi yangaphambili neyisisekelo. Lawa ma-congeries emisebenzi ngokuphindaphindeka kwawo, futhi ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bawo, athinta imisebenzi ephakeme—eyengqondo nengokwengqondo. Okusho ukuthi, imisebenzi yengqondo iyimisebenzi ephezulu kakhulu yemvelo; ziyenziwa futhi zibe khona kuphela impumelelo njengomphumela wamaqembu ahamba ngamabhayisikili emisebenzi eletha ebhizinisini ukuzicabangela komuntu okuphindaphindwe ngokuphindaphindiwe nangokuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kungase kube nezimo zengqondo, ezibizwa ngendlela efanele, ezintweni eziphilayo eziphansi kakhulu, imisebenzi yazo ilula kakhulu futhi imbalwa ukuze ikwenze kwenzeke. Izimo zengqondo zinesisekelo sokwazi komuntu ngamunye kanye nentando, futhi imisebenzi ekwazi ukwenza into eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka iwumlingiswa nekhwalithi ephindaphindwe futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi "impilo yengqondo yama-microorganisms" kanye "nomqondo wezinto eziphilayo eziphansi," ziyadukisa, ngaphandle uma lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwe-metaphysical okutholwayo kumakiwe.

Emzimbeni womuntu, njengoba kungekho ndawo ngezansi, kuze kube manje njengamaqiniso, ubufakazi, imisebenzi yenyama kanye nemisebenzi ebonakalayo ithonywa yingqondo kanye nentando ye-ego. Njengoba sekubonile, kumuntu ukusebenza kuyabusa—amandla ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo—futhi ezintweni eziphilayo eziphakeme kakhulu lapho umsebenzi wokusebenza kwengqondo ubusa ingqondo ingena entweni futhi ubuhlakani buba yisici esihlukanisayo. Amandla okuphila yi-ejensi esebenzayo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, futhi, emzimbeni womuntu, amandla engqondo noma ingqondo ingamandla avelele-yebo, ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yomzimba ewumkhiqizo wezinto ezibonakalayo ithonywa kakhulu imizwa yengqondo. Indoda ethile ingakwazi ukumisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yayo, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi eside ngokumangalisayo ivumele ukuqalisa kabusha kwayo. Ukwethuka okungazelelwe kuguqule izinwele zibe mpunga ngobusuku, futhi ngaleyo ndlela umsebenzi nenqubo yokuqhubeka kweminyaka kufinyelelwe ngehora, ngokwengqondo. Kukhona "ama-psychoses," izifo ze-etiology engokwengqondo kanye nomlingiswa, okubonisa ukuzithoba okukhulu komzimba engqondweni. Ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wokuzala ohlobene eduze futhi uthonywe yingqondo. "Imvume" yowesifazane ikakhulukazi futhi ezimweni eziningi yiyona kuphela isimo sokuphendula kowesilisa ekuqaleni komsebenzi ocutshungulwayo, futhi ingqondo inethonya eliphawulekayo ezigabeni ezilandela emva kokukhula kwe-embryological, kanye nemibuzo ekunqumeni ubulili zigcwele emibuthanweni yesayensi.

Ukuletha impikiswano ekugxiliseni amaphuzu amaningi ethulwa ukuze acatshangelwe.

Isenzakalo sokuzala kuyo yonke impumelelo yayo cishe yonke intokazi. Umsebenzi wesilisa kuyo yonke inqubo yokuzala ngokuphathelene nezici zawo eziyinhloko (ingxenye eyisishiyagalolunye-yeshumi yamandla ayo) ingase ikhishwe, njengoba kubonisiwe futhi kuboniswe ku-parthenogenesis esanda kuzuzwa ku-star-fish, kushiya kodwa i-catalysis eyenzeka kwabesifazane. ukusebenza njengoba kudingekile ekukhiqizeni. I-catalysis umkhiqizo wemvelo yangaphandle-njengoba ibonakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-parthenogenesis evamile ezinhlotsheni eziphansi kakhulu zokuphila-ichithwa njengento engenakwenzeka kuwo wonke amaqembu ezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi umbuzo kuphela osele ukuthi kungenzeka yini i-auto-catalysis uhlobo lwabantu.

Njengoba kunikezwe wonke amaqiniso nezinhlinzeko zokukhiqiza kabusha njengoba kuchazwe emakhasini andulelayo; ukukhipha ingxenye eyisishiyagalolunye-yeshumi yomsebenzi wesilisa, ukufakwa kwabalingisi besilisa ngenhloso yokuqhubekisela phambili uhlanga, njengoba singase esimweni esisodwa futhi esiqondile—kuya ku inkanyezi-fish parthenogenesis; ukuqaphela amandla okusebenza kwengqondo njengamandla aphezulu kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, akukhona yini okungaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanele, lapho izimo ezidingekayo nezijwayelekile esezichaziwe zafinyelelwa, lapho iqanda elivuthiwe, elinekhono lokuthuthuka libe umuntu. , futhi ekuqhathaniseni eduze nendawo elungiselelwe ukulungiswa, lokho kulungiswa “njengendawo emilayo” kuwukuphela kwesimo esidingekayo sokungena esigabeni sesibili senqubo yokukhula kowesifazane; akukhona okungaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka ukuthi ithonya elinamandla elingokwengqondo (njengomzwelo wenjabulo noma usizi, okuvele liphuphuthekise noma libulale) kufanele libe yi-catalysis enekhono? Kungani kungeke kwenzeke? Yini engadingeka ngokomzimba noma ngamakhemikhali engahlinzekiwe futhi enekhono?

Impela kungenzeka kuphela nganoma yimaphi amathuba esimeni esingavamile, lapho zonke izimo zemvelo ezinhlanhlathayo sezivuthiwe futhi zigcwele—njengoba nje ukuguquguquka “okuzenzakalelayo” kwempilo kukholakala ukuthi kwenzeke njengokugxilwa kokuhlukaniswa kwamandla endalo yonke lapho izimo zangaphandle zamazinga okushisa, amanzi awuketshezi emhlabeni wethu, nendawo yawo emaphakathi ngokwendalo, afinyelelwa, futhi akhishwa egciwaneni lempilo, ukugxila kwamandla e-cosmic abe yi-microcosm. Lawa maqiniso asusa ukuphikisa kokuthi ukube i-parthenogenesis yomuntu ibingenzeka, futhi uma iyiqiniso, bekuzoba khona ezinye izigameko zalesi simo. Ukungatholakali kokuhlanganiswa kwezimo ezidingekayo nezivumayo ngaphandle kungafaniswa nemininingwane edingekayo yeziqu ezidingekayo kumuntu ngokwakhe, isihloko esingaba khona salesi simo esiyivelakancane nesiyingqayizivele.

Intombi enjalo izodinga ukuba nentuthuko ephakeme ngokwengqondo; umkhuba wokuzindla ngokuphawulekayo kanye namandla omqondo; umcabango ocacile nongokoqobo; okungelula kakhulu ukusikisela okuzenzakalelayo futhi kuyashesha ekuphenduleni amathonya anjalo angokwengqondo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo okujulile nokuzivocavoca ngokuzimele. Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zici nezimo-futhi zonke ziyizici ezivamile, nakuba ngokuvamile zingahlanganiswa kumuntu oyedwa, kungase kube-kunikezwe, ngakho-ke, lezi zici nezimo zemvelo ezibiza ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi ongokwengqondo okufanele kube amandla ku-catalysis. i-parthenogenetic, futhi amaqiniso kanye nezimfuneko zesayensi azihlanganisi izithiyo zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali ezifakazela ukuthi i-psycho-parthenogenesis enjalo ayinakwenzeka, futhi ukuzalwa kwentombi yomuntu, ngakho-ke, kuyinto engenzeka yesayensi.[9][9] Ukuzalwa kwentombi nto kungenzeka, kodwa hhayi ukuzalwa ngokusebenza kobulili bomuntu okuvamile, njengoba kuvezwe kafushane kumbhalo waphansi wokugcina. Nokho, ukuze i-parthenogenesis yomuntu noma ukuzalwa kwentombi kwenzeke umuntu kufanele abe yintombi nto; okungukuthi, uhlanzekile, umsulwa, umsulwa—hhayi nje emzimbeni, kodwa nasemcabangweni. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngenkambo ende yomsebenzi okhaliphile ekulawuleni okunempilo komzimba nezifiso zawo ezingokomzimba, izinkanuko nezifiso, nasekuthuthukisweni, ekuqeqesheni nasekukhuliseni ingqondo ekufezeni izinhloso nezifiso eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba umuntu eqeqeshe umzimba onempilo nengqondo enempilo, kuthiwa useyintombi nto, esesimweni sokuhlanzeka. Bese kuba nokwenzeka ukuthi i-auto-catalysis yenzeke kulowo mzimba njengoba kubonisiwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kungaba ukukhulelwa okumsulwa, noma igciwane lempilo elitheleleka ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba. Kungenzeka ngempela ukuthi ukuzalwa kukaJesu okunjalo. Uma lokhu kuvunyelwe singase siqonde ukuthi kungani ukuzalwa nokuphila kukaJesu akulotshwanga emlandweni, ngoba umuntu okhuleliswe ngokungenasici futhi wazalwa ngeke kube umuntu ongokwenyama kodwa ongokomoya.

Umzimba ozelwe ngowesifazane ngendlela ejwayelekile yocansi kanye nenqubo kumele ufe, ngaphandle uma kutholwa omunye umthetho ongasindiswa ngawo ekufeni. Isidalwa esikhulelwayo futhi sizalwe ngenqubo ephakeme kunokwejwayelekile asikho ngaphansi kwemithetho elawula okuphathekayo. Umuntu ozelwe kanjalo usindisa ubuntu azalwa ngabo ekufeni okufanele ubuntu buhlupheke uma bushiywe bubodwa. Kuphela ngokukhulelwa okumsulwa okunjalo kanye nokuzalwa kwentombi lapho umuntu engase asindiswe ekufeni futhi abe ngongafi ngokoqobo nangokoqobo—Umhl.

[1] Umlingiswa wesilisa akakhishwa ngempela. Iqukethwe emzimbeni wesifazane nasemangqamuzaneni amaqanda esimweni sokucasha, futhi iqala ukusebenza kuphela ngesikhathi esibucayi.—Umhl.

[2] I-Catalysis ayibangelwa ngokuyinhloko umlingiswa wesilisa njenge-spermatozoon, noma umsebenzi wesifazane, kodwa isici sesithathu esihlala sizinzile nakuba sibangela ukuhlangana kwembewu neqanda, ukuwohloka kwayo ngayinye kanjalo kanye nesakhiwo. phezulu noma ukushintsha ngokwesici sesithathu noma esizinzile esikhona.—Umhl.

[3] Usawoti unikeze isici esihle somzimba ukuxhumana namaqanda, kodwa i-catalysis yabangelwa ukuba khona kwesici sesithathu, esingesona esingokomzimba. Isici sesithathu kanye nembangela ye-catalysis ikhona esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila. Isici sesithathu sihlukile ngezimiso nomusa kumuntu.—Umhl.

[4] I-Parthenogenesis ingenzeka esilwaneni sesifazane sodwa. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-parthenogenesis ebonakalayo ingenzeka kakhulu emzimbeni wesilisa nowesifazane, njengoba kuzobonakala kamuva.—Umhl.

[5] Umlingiswa wesilisa ngeke akhishwe ekulondolozeni umjaho ngokomzimba. Kungase kwenzeke ngesenzo samakhemikhali ukunxenxa i-catalysis kumuntu wesifazane, kodwa inkinga bekungeke kube okomuntu ngoba isici kanye nembangela ye-catalysis ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile kocansi ngeke kube khona, futhi isibopho phakathi kweqanda ne-elementi yamakhemikhali ngeke kube khona. okubangelwa ukuba khona kwesici noma uhlobo oluthile ngaphansi komuntu.—Umhl.

[6] (a). Umuntu uhlukile “eqenjini lezilwane ezincelisayo” ngoba unesici esisuswe ngokuphelele kwabanye. Kwamanye eqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo, isifiso umgomo olawula futhi ucacise isici, esinquma uhlobo. Ebantwini, isimiso sokuthi ingqondo isici esengeziwe okungenzeka ngaso ukuguqula uhlelo lokukhiqiza kabusha. (b). Akukho okungokomzimba okulinganayo kwe-chemical catalysis ku-star-fish parthenogenesis, okungenani hhayi entweni ephilayo engokobulili ekhona, kodwa kune-catalysis efanayo engase iphumele kulokho okungase kubizwe ngokuthi i-psychical parthenogenesis.—Umhl.

[7] Lokhu kusondele kakhulu eqinisweni. Kuyenzeka ukuthi umzimba womuntu ukhiqize kokubili imbewu neqanda, nakuba umuntu ovamile engakhula futhi achaze kabanzi kodwa eyodwa kokubili. Isidalwa ngasinye sinemisebenzi yomibili; enye iyasebenza futhi iyabusa, enye icindezelwe noma inamandla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nange-anatomically. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlanga lwesintu olunayo yomibili imisebenzi esebenzayo. Izidalwa ezingavamile zizalwa zinezitho zesilisa nezesifazane, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-hermaphrodites. Lokhu kuyishwa, ngoba azifaneleki izidingo zomzimba zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lobulili, futhi azinawo amandla engqondo namandla okufanele ahambisane ne-hermaphrodite evamile futhi ethuthuke ngokugcwele nayo yomibili imisebenzi esebenzayo. Emzimbeni womuntu wesilisa nowesifazane kunamagciwane amabili, positive kanye negethivu. Igciwane lendoda eliqondile alishiyi noma iyiphi into ephilayo ngesikhathi sokuphila. Igciwane le-negative lesifazane ngalinye elithintana nelinye. Emzimbeni wesilisa igciwane elibi liyakhula futhi lisebenze ngamandla e-spermatozoon; emzimbeni wesifazane igciwane eliphikisayo liyakhula futhi lisebenze njengeqanda.

Ukuze kuzalwe umuntu ojwayelekile, ngaphandle kwamagciwane owesilisa nowesifazane, ubukhona besithathu buyadingeka. Lokhu kuba khona kwesithathu igciwane elingabonakali elinganikezwanga yinoma yibuphi ubulili. Leli gciwane lesithathu linikezwa umuntu wesikhathi esizayo, ozoba yinyama. Leli gciwane lesithathu elingabonakali libopha imbewu neqanda futhi liyimbangela ye-catalysis.—Umhl.

[8] Ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje kohlanga, abukho ubulili obunamandla okuthuthukisa kokubili imbewu neqanda entweni eyodwa ukuze kuphumele ekuzalweni komuntu ovamile, ngoba lolo hlangothi lwemvelo olufihlekile alunandlela yokukhula. kanye nokuchaza ngembewu noma iqanda elicashile; ngakho-ke ukuzalwa kwe-parthenogenetic noma yintombi nto akunakwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ithonya elinamandla elingokwengqondo lingase lilethe i-catalysis, kodwa i-catalysis enjalo ngeke iphumele ekuzalweni ngokomzimba.

Umzimba womuntu omdala uvuthisa igciwane elibi njengembewu noma iqanda, njengoba kungowesilisa noma owesifazane. Lezi zimbewu noma amaqanda ayaguquguquka futhi ancike ohlelweni lwezinzwa njengesithelo esihlahleni. Lapho sezivuthiwe zidonswa ngemigudu evamile emhlabeni, ukuze zilahleke njengembewu enhlabathini ewugwadule noma ziphumele ekuzalweni komuntu. Lena inkambo evamile. Kungase kushintshwe ngethonya elinamandla elingokwengqondo. Lapho igciwane lomuntu selivuthiwe kuyenzeka ukuthi ingqondo isebenze kulo ukuze ikhiqize i-catalysis ephelele, kodwa le-auto-catalysis, esikhundleni sokuyishintsha isuke esimweni esithile somzimba iye kwesinye, iyayishintsha isuke kwenyama iye esimweni somqondo. . Okusho ukuthi, igciwane elingokomzimba likhushulelwa emandleni aphakeme, njengoba amanzi angase aguqulwe abe isitimu; njengasekuqhubekeni kwezibalo, inyuselwa emandleni esibili. Kube sekuyiqanda lengqondo emvelweni yomuntu. Ayilahlekanga izici zayo zokuzala. Kulesi simo sengqondo i-ovum yengqondo iyakwazi ukuvuthwa futhi iqale inqubo efana nokukhulelwa nokukhula kwengane. Ukuthuthukiswa lapha, nokho, kungokwengqondo, futhi esikhundleni sokuthi isibeletho sisetshenziselwe ukungena, ukukhulelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sibeletho se-psychic, enye ingxenye yomzimba yenza lowo msebenzi. Le ngxenye inhloko. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane elijwayelekile lomzimba kwenzeka ngezitho zokuzala, kodwa uma liguqulwa lisuka kwelenyama liye esimweni somqondo alisaxhunywanga nalezi zitho. I-ovum yengqondo idlula iye phezulu isuka engxenyeni engezansi yomgogodla iye entanjeni yomgogodla, bese ingena phakathi kobuchopho lapho ihlangabezwa khona igciwane lendoda eliqondile okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili. Khona-ke, ngokulangazelela okukhulu nokuphakanyiswa kwengqondo bayashukunyiswa futhi bahlukunyezwe ukutheleka okuvela phezulu, kuBuyena bomuntu obungcwele. Bese kuqala inqubo yengqondo nokuthuthuka okuholela ekuzalweni kwesidalwa esihlakaniphe esihlukile nesiphelele ngaphandle komzimba. Lesi silwane akusona esingokomzimba. Kungokwengqondo, kuyakhanya.—Umhl.

[9] Ukuzalwa kwentombi nto kungenzeka, kodwa hhayi ukuzalwa ngokusebenza kobulili bomuntu okuvamile, njengoba kuvezwe kafushane embhalweni waphansi wokugcina. Nokho, ukuze i-parthenogenesis yomuntu noma ukuzalwa kwentombi kwenzeke umuntu kufanele abe yintombi nto; okungukuthi, uhlanzekile, umsulwa, umsulwa—hhayi nje emzimbeni, kodwa nasemcabangweni. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngenkambo ende yomsebenzi okhaliphile ekulawuleni okunempilo komzimba nezifiso zawo ezingokomzimba, izinkanuko nezifiso, nasekuthuthukisweni, ekuqeqesheni nasekukhuliseni ingqondo ekufezeni izinhloso nezifiso eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba umuntu eqeqeshe umzimba onempilo nengqondo enempilo, kuthiwa useyintombi nto, esesimweni sokuhlanzeka. Bese kuba nokwenzeka ukuthi i-auto-catalysis yenzeke kulowo mzimba njengoba kubonisiwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kungaba ukukhulelwa okumsulwa, noma igciwane lempilo elitheleleka ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba. Kungenzeka ngempela ukuthi ukuzalwa kukaJesu okunjalo. Uma lokhu kuvunyelwe singase siqonde ukuthi kungani ukuzalwa nokuphila kukaJesu akulotshwanga emlandweni, ngoba umuntu okhuleliswe ngokungenasici futhi wazalwa ngeke kube umuntu ongokwenyama kodwa ongokomoya.

Umzimba ozelwe ngowesifazane ngendlela ejwayelekile yocansi kanye nenqubo kumele ufe, ngaphandle uma kutholwa omunye umthetho ongasindiswa ngawo ekufeni. Isidalwa esikhulelwayo futhi sizalwe ngenqubo ephakeme kunokwejwayelekile asikho ngaphansi kwemithetho elawula okuphathekayo. Umuntu ozelwe kanjalo usindisa ubuntu azalwa ngabo ekufeni okufanele ubuntu buhlupheke uma bushiywe bubodwa. Kuphela ngokukhulelwa okumsulwa okunjalo kanye nokuzalwa kwentombi lapho umuntu engase asindiswe ekufeni futhi abe ngongafi ngokoqobo nangokoqobo—Umhl.