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THE

I-WORD

NOVEMBER 1915


I-Copyright 1915 ka-HW PERCIVAL

AMADODA NABANGANE

Iyini iMemori?

Inkumbulo ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwemibono ngezimfanelo, izimfanelo, noma amakhono atholakala kuyo ukuthi okwenziwa kuzo imibono. Inkumbulo ayikhiqizi isihloko noma into noma umcimbi. Inkumbulo ikhiqiza kabusha okuvelayo okwenziwe isihloko noma into noma umcimbi. Zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni kabusha okuvelayo zifakiwe kumemori yetemu.

Kunezinhlobo ezine zenkumbulo: inkumbulo yomqondo, inkumbulo yomqondo, inkumbulo ye-cosmic, inkumbulo engapheli. Inkumbulo engapheli ukuqaphela zonke izifundazwe nezehlakalo kuwo wonke amaphakade nesikhathi. Inkumbulo ye-cosmic iwukuphindaphinda kwakho konke okwenzeka endaweni yonke ephakadeni layo. Inkumbulo yengqondo ukukhiqiza kabusha noma ukubuyekezwa ngengqondo yezinguquko edlule kuzo kusukela umsuka wayo. Ayikho inzuzo engokoqobo etholakala ekubuzeni ubunjalo benkumbulo yengqondo engapheli neyendawo yonke. Zikhulunywa lapha ngenjongo yokuphelela. Inkumbulo yomqondo wukuphinda kuvezwe yimizwa yemibono eyenziwe kuyo.

Inkumbulo esetshenziswa umuntu inkumbulo yomqondo. Akafundanga ukusebenzisa futhi akazazi ezinye ezintathu—inkumbulo yengqondo, inkumbulo ye-cosmic, nenkumbulo engapheli—ngoba ingqondo yakhe iqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa inkumbulo yomqondo kuphela. Inkumbulo yenzwa itholwa yizilwane nezitshalo namaminerali. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu, inani lezinzwa ezisebenzela ukukhiqiza inkumbulo liyancipha esilwaneni nasesitshalweni nasemithonjeni. Inkumbulo yomqondo womuntu ingase ibizwe ngokuthi inkumbulo yomuntu. Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zezinkumbulo ezakha inkumbulo yomuntu ephelele. Kunezinzwa eziyisikhombisa ebuntwini obuphelele bomuntu. Lezi zinkumbulo zemizwa eyisikhombisa noma ukulandelana kwezinkumbulo zobuntu yilezi: inkumbulo yokubona, inkumbulo yomsindo, inkumbulo yokunambitha, inkumbulo yephunga, inkumbulo yokuthinta, inkumbulo yokuziphatha, “mina” noma inkumbulo kamazisi. Lezi zinzwa eziyisikhombisa zakha uhlobo olulodwa lwenkumbulo umuntu analo esimweni sakhe samanje. Ngakho-ke inkumbulo yobuntu ikhawulelwe esikhathini lapho lowo okhumbulayo ezikhiqizela khona imibono yakhe yokuqala yaleli zwe, ekukhiqizeni kabusha okuvelayo okwenziwa ezikhathini ezandulela lesi sikhathi samanje. Indlela yokubhalisa okuvelayo nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwemibono ebhaliswe ngokubona, umsindo, ukunambitha, ukuhogela, ukuthinta, izinzwa zokuziphatha kanye nethi “Mina,” kanye nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlangana kwalokhu ukuze kuboniswe umsebenzi onemininingwane odingekayo “kwinkumbulo. ,” kungaba yinde kakhulu futhi kukhathale. Kodwa inhlolovo ingathathwa engase ithakazelise futhi inikeze ukuqonda kwenkumbulo yomuntu.

Ubuciko bokuthwebula izithombe bubonisa inkumbulo yokubona—indlela okuvelayo okuvela ezintweni ezitholwa futhi zirekhodwe nokuthi okuvelayo kukhiqizwa kabusha kanjani kurekhodi. Ithuluzi lokuthwebula izithombe liwukusebenza kwemishini kokubona kanye nesenzo sokubona. Ukubona wukusebenza kwendlela yeso nokuxhuma kwayo, ukurekhoda nokukhiqiza kabusha okuvelayo okwembulwe futhi kwenziwa ukukhanya. Ekuthwebuleni into, i-lens iyambulwa, bese iphendukela entweni, indawo yokuvula i-diaphragm isethelwe ukwamukela inani elifanele lokukhanya, ukugxila kunqunywa ibanga le-lens ukusuka entweni ezothwetshulwa; umkhawulo wesikhathi sokuchayeka-wefilimu noma ipuleti elithuthukisiwe elilungele ukuthola umbono wento ngaphambi kwayo-unikezwa, futhi isithombe, isithombe, siyathathwa. Ukuvula amajwabu amehlo kwembula ilensi yeso; i-iris, noma i-diaphragm yeso, izilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo kubukhulu noma ukungabikho kokukhanya; i-pupil yeso iyanda noma inkontileka ukuze igxile emgqeni wombono wento eseduze noma ekude; futhi into iyabonakala, isithombe sithathwa umuzwa wokubona, kuyilapho kugxilwe.

Izinqubo zokubona nokuthatha izithombe ziyefana. Uma into ihamba noma uma ilensi inyakaza noma i-focus ishintsha, kuzoba nesithombe esilufifi. Inzwa yokubona ayiyona ingxenye yemishini yeso. Umqondo wokubona uyinto ehlukile, into ehlukile embonini yeso njengoba ipuleti noma ifilimu ikude nekhamera. Yilo muzwa wokubona, ohlukile nakuba uxhumene nendlela yeso, erekhoda okuvelayo noma izithombe zezinto ezitholwa ngomshini weso.

Ukubona kuwukuthatha amarekhodi angase aphinde akhiqizwe inkumbulo yokubona. Inkumbulo yokubona ihlanganisa ukujikijela noma ukuphrinta esikrinini sombono isithombe noma umbono owaqoshwa futhi walungiswa umuzwa wokubona ngesikhathi sokubona into ikhiqizwa kabusha. Le nqubo yenkumbulo yokubona ikhonjiswa ngokuphrintwa kwezithombe ezivela efilimini noma epuleti ngemuva kokwakhiwa. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kukhunjulwa umuntu noma into, kwenziwa umbhalo omusha. Uma umuntu engenayo inkumbulo yesithombe esicacile kungenxa yokuthi lokho okukuye okubonakalayo, umuzwa wokubona, awuthuthukile futhi awuqeqeshiwe. Lapho ikhono lomuntu lokubona lithuthukiswa futhi liqeqeshwa, lingase likhiqize kabusha noma yisiphi isenzakalo noma into ehlatshwe umxhwele ngakho konke okucacile nokuba ngokoqobo okwakukhona ngesikhathi libonwa.

Ukuphrinta kwezithombe ngisho, uma kuthathwe ngombala, kungaba amakhophi angalungile noma imidwebo yenkumbulo yokubona uma iqeqeshwe kahle. Ukuhlola okuncane kungase kubonise omunye wamathuba enkumbulo yakhe yokubona noma ezinye izinkumbulo zemizwa ezakha inkumbulo yobuntu bakhe.

Umuntu makavale amehlo akhe awabhekise odongeni noma itafula okukhona kulo izinto eziningi. Manje ake avule amehlo akhe kancane kancane futhi awavale, yena ngaleso sikhathi wazama ukubona yonke into amehlo akhe abheke kukho. Inani lezinto azibonayo nokuhluka azibona ngakho kuyobonisa ukuthi inkumbulo yakhe yokubona ayithuthukisiwe. Ukuprakthiza okuncane kuzobonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuba athuthukise inkumbulo yakhe yokubona. Angase aveze isikhathi eside noma esifushane, ukuze abone lokho akubonayo. Uma edweba amakhethini emehlweni ezinye zezinto azibone evule amehlo zizobonakala kalufifi evale amehlo. Kodwa lezi zinto zizoba lufifi futhi ekugcineni zinyamalale bese engakwazi ukuzibona izinto futhi okungenani unombono ongenalutho engqondweni yakhe walokho ayekubonile ngenkumbulo yakhe yokubona. Ukufiphala kwesithombe kungenxa yokungakwazi kwenzwa yokubona ukubamba umbono owenziwe into. Ngokusebenzisa umbono noma inkumbulo yesithombe ukuze ukhiqize kabusha izinto zamanje uvale amehlo noma ukukhiqiza kabusha izigcawu noma abantu besikhathi esidlule, inkumbulo yesithombe izothuthukiswa, futhi ingase iqiniswe futhi iqeqeshwe kangangokuthi ikhiqize izinto ezimangalisayo.

Lolu hlaka olufushane lwenkumbulo yokubona luzosebenza ukukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinkumbulo zezinzwa nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Njengoba ukuthwebula izithombe kubonisa inkumbulo yokubona, igilamafoni iwumfanekiso wokuqoshwa kwemisindo nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwamarekhodi njengezinkumbulo ezinomsindo. Inzwa yomsindo ihluke kakhulu kumthambo wokuzwa kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ezindlebeni njengoba umuzwa wokubona uhlukile kumthambo wamehlo kanye nezisetshenziswa zeso.

Izinqubo zemishini zingase zenziwe ukuze kukopishwe inzwa yokunambitha nomuzwa wokuhogela kanye nomuzwa wokuthinta njengoba ikhamera negilamafoni kufana, nakuba amakhophi namakhophi angekho kahle ngokungazi—ezitho zomuntu ezixhumene nezinzwa zokubona nomsindo.

Inkumbulo yomqondo wokuziphatha kanye nenkumbulo yenzwa ethi “I” yizinzwa ezimbili ezihlukene zomuntu, futhi kungenxa futhi yenziwa yaba nokwenzeka ngokuba khona komqondo ongafi osebenzisa ubuntu. Ngomqondo wokuziphatha ubuntu bufunda imithetho yempilo yabo, futhi ukuyikhiqiza kabusha njengenkumbulo yokuziphatha lapho umbuzo wokulungile nokungalungile uphathelene. Inkumbulo yenzwa ethi “I” yenza umuntu akwazi ukuzikhomba ngokuhlobene nanoma isiphi isenzakalo ezigcawini noma ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Njengamanje ingqondo esesimweni somuntu ayinayo inkumbulo ngale kwenkumbulo yomuntu, futhi izinkumbulo ekwaziyo ngazo yilezo eziye zaqanjwa futhi ezakha ubuntu bubonke, obulinganiselwe kulokho okungabonwa, noma okuzwiwayo, noma ukuhogela, noma ukunambitha, noma ukuthintwa, futhi okuzwakala kulungile noma kungalungile njengokuzikhathaza ngokwakho njengokuphila okuhlukile.

In iZwi likaDisemba iyophendulwa umbuzo othi, “Yini ebangela ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo,” nothi “Yini eyenza umuntu akhohlwe igama lakhe siqu noma indawo ahlala kuyo, nakuba inkumbulo yakhe ingase ingaphazamiseki ngezinye izici.”

Umngani [HW Percival]