THE
I-WORD
DECEMBER 1915
| I-Copyright 1915 ka-HW PERCIVAL |
AMADODA NABANGANE
Yini ebangela ukulahlekelwa kwememori?
Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo kuwumphumela womzimba noma wengqondo noma wembangela yengqondo. Imbangela esheshayo engokomzimba yokulahlekelwa inkumbulo ukuphazamiseka okusezikhungweni zemizwa ebuchosheni, okuvimbela izinzwa ekusebenzeni ngemizwa yazo. Ukufanekisa: Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka okuthile kwemizwa ye-optic nerve kanye ne-visual centre kanye ne-optic thalami, ukuze kubangele ukuthi lezi zikhishwe ngaphandle kokuthintana “nombono wokubona” ohlukile noma isidalwa esiwukubona, khona-ke lesi silwane asikwazi ukubamba. noma isebenzise imigudu yayo engokomzimba ukuze ikhiqizele ingqondo into engokoqobo eyayigcizelelwe emqondweni. Uma imiphumela yenzwa yokuzwa kanye nesikhungo sezinzwa kuthintekile, khona-ke "umqondo ozwakalayo" awukwazi ukusebenzisa lezi, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha emqondweni umsindo wenyama noma igama lento noma indawo lapho umuzwa wokubona wehlulekile. ukukhiqiza kabusha, ngakho-ke kuyoba nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo yokubona, nenkumbulo yomsindo ngenxa yezimbangela zomzimba. Lokhu kuzobonisa ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yokunambitha kanye nenkumbulo yephunga, ngenxa yezimbangela zomzimba. Ukucindezela ezikhungweni zemizwa, ukushayeka ekhanda, ukungqubuzana okungazelelwe ngenxa yokuwa, ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi, ukushaqeka kwemizwa ngenxa yezenzakalo ezingalindelekile, kungase kube izimbangela ezisheshayo zokulahlekelwa inkumbulo ngokomzimba.
Uma isithiyo esingokomzimba noma ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa ezikhungweni zabo kususiwe noma kulungiswe, kwaba nokulahlekelwa kwesikhashana kwenkumbulo yomzimba. Uma ukususwa noma ukulungiswa kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke ukulahlekelwa kuhlala unomphela.
Inkumbulo ayigcinwanga yinoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, noma umzimba wenyama uwonke. Ama-oda ayisikhombisa enkumbulo: inkumbulo yokubona, inkumbulo yomsindo, inkumbulo yokunambitha, inkumbulo yephunga, ukuthinta noma inkumbulo yokuzwa, inkumbulo yokuziphatha, “mina” noma inkumbulo yomazisi—okukhulunywe ngayo ku- “Izikhathi Ngabangane,” kumagazini ka-November 1915- Yakha inkumbulo-mqondo iyonke futhi lapha ebizwa ngokuthi inkumbulo yobuntu. Inkumbulo ngayinye yezinzwa kanye nazo zonke izinkumbulo eziyisikhombisa ezididiyelwe futhi zisebenza ndawonye zakha inkumbulo yobuntu. Inkumbulo yomuntu inezinhlangothi ezimbili noma izici: uhlangothi lomzimba kanye nohlangothi lwezengqondo. Uhlangothi lwenyama lwenkumbulo yobuntu luhlobene nomzimba wenyama nomhlaba wenyama, kepha inzwa nenkumbulo yalokhu kusezinzwa zemilingo hhayi emzimbeni wenyama noma ezithweni zomqondo. Inkumbulo yomuntu iqala lapho isisekelo somuntu, umuntu, ekwazi ukulungisa nokuxhumanisa izinzwa zayo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu nezitho zazo zemizwa ezihlukene zomzimba wakhe wenyama futhi azigxilise entweni ethile ebonakalayo. Kunjalo, inzwa ethi “I” kumele ibe ngesinye sezinzwa ezididiyelwe futhi ezigxiliswe ngesinzwa esisodwa noma eziningi ezigxilile futhi zisebenze ngezitho zazo ezithile zomqondo. Inkumbulo yokuqala umuntu anayo yokuba khona kwakhe emhlabeni wenyama yilapho umuzwa wakhe othi “I” wobuntu bakhe uvuka futhi wahlanganiswa neyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezinye izinzwa zakhe, kuyilapho zigxile entweni ethile ebonakalayo noma eyenzekayo. Usana noma ingane ingakwazi ukubona izinto futhi izwe imisindo ngaphambi kokuthi umuzwa othi “I” uvuke futhi uhambisane nokubona nokuzwa. Ngaleso sikhathi kuba isilwane nje. Kuze kube yilapho usana selukwazi ukucabanga noma ukuzwa noma ukuthi “mina” ngokuphathelene nokubona noma ukuzwa noma okunye ukuzwa, lapho ukuphila komuntu noma inkumbulo yomuntu kuyaqala. Uhlangothi olungokomzimba lwenkumbulo yobuntu luphetha ngokufa komzimba wenyama, ngaleso sikhathi isisekelo somuntu nezinzwa zayo siphuma egobolondweni laso, umzimba wenyama, futhi sinqanyulwe ezithweni nasezikhungweni zemizwa.
Uhlangothi lwezengqondo lwenkumbulo yomuntu kufanele luqale ngokuqondana noma ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkumbulo yomuntu. Khona-ke umuzwa othi “Mina” uzobe uphapheme futhi uzixhuma njengefomu elinemizwa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yengqondo, njenge-clairvoyance noma i-clairaudience, futhi lezi zizoxhunyaniswa futhi zihlotshaniswe nezitho zenyama zomqondo kangangokuthi umhlaba wengqondo. futhi umhlaba wenyama wawuzolungiswa futhi uhlobane nomzimba wenyama nezitho zawo. Kodwa lokhu kulungiswa kwe-psychic ngohlangothi olungokwenyama lwenkumbulo yomuntu akwenziwa, futhi izinzwa ze-psychic ngokuvamile azivulwa ngokwemvelo kumuntu. I-psychic sense-memories imvamisa ixhumene kakhulu nezitho zenyama nezinto ezibonakalayo zomqondo kangangokuthi umuntu ngokuvamile akakwazi ukuhlukanisa noma ukuba nenkumbulo yobukhona ngaphandle komzimba wakhe wenyama.
Uma uhlangothi lwengqondo lwenkumbulo yobuntu luphendukela ezintweni ezingokwenyama, ubuntu bengqondo buzophela ngokushesha ngemva kokufa komzimba wenyama, futhi ukuphila nokwenza kobuntu kuzoqedwa futhi kusulwe. Isenzakalo esinjalo siyofana nokungenalutho noma ibala noma isibazi esenziwe engqondweni esixhumene nalobo buntu. Lapho izinzwa ziphendukela ezifundweni ezifanele zomcabango, njengokwenziwa ngcono kwesintu, imfundo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ngokuzithatha ngezifundo ezifanele ezinkondlo, noma emculweni, noma ekudwebeni, noma ekuqoshweni, noma ekufezeni umsebenzi ofanele. , khona-ke izinzwa zizifaka ngokufanele engqondweni, futhi ingqondo ithwala, ngalé kokufa, inkumbulo yaleyo mibono emihle evusa inkanuko eyagxiliswa kuyo. Ubuntu buhlukaniswa ngemva kokufa, futhi izinkumbulo ezithile zobuntu ezixhunywe nezinto ezibonakalayo nezinto ezikulokho kuphila zibhujiswa ngokuhlukana kwezinzwa ezenza lobo buntu. Lapho, nokho, imizwa yengqondo yalowo buntu yayiphathelene nezifundo ezifanele ezixhumene nengqondo, lapho ingqondo ihambisana nakho. Lapho ingqondo isakhele ubuntu obusha obakhiwe izinzwa zayo ezintsha, izinkumbulo zobuntu obudlule obuthwalwa ingqondo njengokuvela kwayo kuyohlaba umxhwele izinzwa futhi kusize ukukhula kwazo ngokuhambisana nezihloko ezithile ababenazo. okwedlule bekukhathazekile.
Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yempilo edlule kanye nezimpilo zangaphambili kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ubuntu bokugcina nabangaphambili. Njengoba isintu singenayo enye inkumbulo ngaphandle kwemiyalo eyisikhombisa yenkumbulo yomuntu, umuntu akakwazi ukuzazi noma azikhumbule ngaphandle kwemizwa yobuntu bakhe, noma ngaphandle kwezinto ezixhumene nalobo buntu. Ulahlekelwa inkumbulo yokuphila okudlule ngenxa yokuthi izinzwa zobuntu obubodwa zihlukaniswa futhi zihlukaniswa ukufa, futhi akukho lutho olusele lokukhiqiza kabusha njengezikhumbuzo zomqondo empilweni elandelayo, izinto lobo buntu obakhathalelayo.
Ukulahlekelwa ingxenye noma okuphelele kwenkumbulo yezinto ezixhumene nalokhu kuphila kungenxa yokonakala noma ukulahlekelwa unomphela kwethuluzi leyo nkumbulo esebenza ngalo, noma ukulimala noma ukulahlekelwa izinto eziyisisekelo ezikhiqiza inkumbulo. Ukulahlekelwa ukubona noma ukuzwa kungase kube ngenxa yesizathu esingokomzimba, esifana nokulimala okudalwe iso noma indlebe. Kepha uma lowo okuthiwa ngumbono noma lowo okuthiwa wumsindo uhlala ungenamyocu, futhi ukulimala kwesitho kulungiswa, khona-ke ukubona nokuzwa kuyobuyiselwa. Kodwa uma lezi zidalwa bezilimele ngokwazo, bekungeke kube khona nje ukulahlekelwa ukubona noma ukuzwa, ngokulingana nokulimala, kodwa lezi zidalwa ngeke zikwazi ukuzalanisa njengezinkumbulo izinto ezibonwayo nemisindo ezaziyijwayele.
Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yezimbangela ezingokwenyama, kukhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezinzwa noma ukuntula ukulawula nokufundiswa kwezinzwa, noma ngokuguga kwezinto eziyisisekelo zomqondo, okuholela ekugugeni, noma ukuba khona kwengqondo. ephathelene nezihloko ezicatshangwayo ngaphandle kokubheka izimo zamanje.
Ukuzitika ngokweqile komsebenzi wocansi kubangela ukulimala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubona; kanye nezinga lokulimala okukhona linquma izinga lokulahlekelwa ingxenye noma ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwenkumbulo yokubona. Ukunganakwa kokusetshenziswa kwamagama nokuhlobana kwemisindo kuvimbela ukukhula nokuthuthuka kokwaziwa ngokuthi umuzwa womsindo futhi kukwenza ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha njengezikhumbuzo zomsindo ukudlidliza ebikutholile. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kolwanga noma ukunganaki ukuhlakulela ulwanga, kuthuntubeza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukunambitheka futhi kukwenze kungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuthandayo nokukhiqiza kabusha inkumbulo yokunambitha. Ulwanga lusetshenziswa kabi utshwala nezinye izikhuthazi ezinokhahlo, nangokudla ngokweqile ngaphandle kokunaka ubumnandi obuthile bokunambitha ekudleni. Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo kungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka ezenzweni zamehlo nezinzwa zomsindo nezokunambitha, ngokusuthisa isisu namathumbu ngezinto ezingenakugayeka, noma ngokufaka kukho lokho abangakwazi ukugaya. Lokho okubizwa ngephunga kusebuntwini isidalwa esiyisisekelo, isidalwa socansi esihlukaniseke kazibuthe. Ukungalungi kwesenzo, okulimaza ezinye izinzwa, kunganciphisa futhi kukhiphe lapho kugxilwe khona inzwa yephunga, noma kuyenze ingasebenzi uzibuthe futhi iyenze ingakwazi ukubhalisa noma ukukhiqiza kabusha isici sokuphuma kwento; futhi, ukungagayeki kahle kokudla noma ukudla ngendlela engafanele kungantenga noma kungahleleki futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yephunga.
Lezi yizimbangela zokulahleka kwezinkumbulo ezithile zomqondo. Kukhona ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo okungekona ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo empeleni, nakuba ngokuvamile kubizwa kanjalo. Umuntu uyahamba ayothenga izinto ezithile, kodwa lapho efika esitolo akakhumbuli ukuthi wayeyothengani. Omunye umuntu akakhumbuli izingxenye zomlayezo, noma ukuthi wayezokwenzani, noma yini ayifunayo, noma ukuthi ubekaphi izinto. Omunye ukhohlwa amagama abantu, izindawo noma izinto. Abanye bayakhohlwa izinombolo ezindlini noma emigwaqweni abahlala kuyo. Abanye abakwazi ukukhumbula abakusho noma abakwenzile izolo noma ngesonto elandulele, nakuba bengase bakwazi ukuchaza ngokunembayo okwenzeka ebuntwaneni babo. Ngokuvamile amaphutha anjalo enkumbulo ayizimpawu zokudangala noma ukuguga kwezinzwa ngenxa yokuguga; kodwa ngisho nokukhula okunjalo kokuguga kubangelwa ukuntula ukulawula izinzwa ngokulawula ingqondo, nangokungaziqeqeshi izinzwa ukuze zibe izikhonzi zeqiniso engqondweni. “Inkumbulo embi,” “ukukhohlwa,” “ukungabikho komqondo,” kuwumphumela wokwehluleka komuntu ukulawula ingqondo kangangokuthi ingqondo ingase ilawule izinzwa. Ezinye izimbangela zokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo ibhizinisi, injabulo, nezinto ezincane, ezithinta ingqondo futhi zivunyelwe ukuba ziminyanise noma ziqede lokho ebihlose ukukwenza. Futhi, lapho ingqondo ibambene nezihloko zomcabango ezingahlobene nezimo zamanje noma izinzwa, izinzwa ziyazulazula ezintweni zazo zemvelo, kuyilapho ingqondo izibambele mathupha. Bese kulandela ukungabi nangqondo, ukukhohlwa.
Ukwehluleka ukukhumbula kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukunganaki okudingekayo kulokho okufiswa ukuba kukhunjulwe, nokungawenzi ucace umyalelo, nokungakhokhisi ngamandla anele umyalelo okufanele ukhunjulwe.
Yini eyenza umuntu akhohlwe igama lakhe noma lapho ehlala khona, nakuba inkumbulo yakhe ingase ingaphumeleli kwezinye izici?
Ukungakhumbuli igama lomuntu nalapho ehlala khona, kungenxa yokujikijelwa kwenzwa ethi “Mina” kanye nezinzwa zokubona nomsindo zingathinteki noma zingagxilile. Lapho inzwa ethi “Mina” icishiwe noma inqanyulwa kwezinye izinzwa enkumbulweni yomuntu, futhi ezinye izinzwa zihlobene ngokufanelekile, ubuntu buyosebenza ngaphandle kokuba nobunikazi—okungukuthi, inqobo nje uma bungathatheki noma buthathwe enye inhlangano. Lowo onokuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo angase abone izindawo futhi axoxe ngezinto ezivamile ezazingadingi ukuchazwa ngokuqondene naye. Kodwa wayezizwa engenalutho, engenalutho, elahlekile, njengokungathi ufuna into ayeyazi futhi ayikhohlwa. Kulokhu umuntu ubengeke abe nomuzwa ojwayelekile wokuzibophezela. Wayezokwenza, kodwa hhayi ngomuzwa wokuzibophezela. Wayedla lapho elambile, aphuze lapho omile, futhi alale lapho ekhathele, njengoba nje kwenza izilwane, lapho eshukunyiswa umuzwa wemvelo. Lesi simo singase sibangwe ukuvimbeka kobuchopho, kwenye yama-ventricles, noma ukuphazamiseka komzimba we-pituitary. Uma kunjalo, umqondo welithi “mina” wawuyobuyiselwa lapho isithiyo sisuswa. Khona-ke inzwa ethi “Mina” yayiphinde ithinteke futhi igxile kwezinye izinzwa, futhi lowo muntu wayeyokhumbula ngaleso sikhathi igama lakhe, futhi abone ukuthi ukuphi nekhaya lakhe.
Umngani [HW Percival]