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THE

I-WORD

JANUARY 1916


I-Copyright 1916 ka-HW PERCIVAL

AMADODA NABANGANE

Ngokuvamile lisho ukuthini igama elithi “umphefumulo” futhi igama elithi “umphefumulo” kufanele lisetshenziswe kanjani?

Igama lisetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Labo abayisebenzisayo njengomthetho banemibono engacacile yalokho abahlose ukukuqoka ngalokho. Abakucabangayo nje ukuthi kuyinto engeyona into ephathekayo; ukuthi akuyona into embi kakhulu engokwenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama lisetshenziswa ngokungakhethi, njengoba kuyimvelo lapho kunamadigri amaningi kangaka ekuthuthukisweni kwendaba, futhi alukho uhlelo olwamukelekayo lokuqoka lezi ziqu. AbaseGibithe bakhuluma ngemiphefumulo eyisikhombisa; UPlato womphefumulo ophindwe kathathu; amaKristu akhuluma ngomphefumulo njengento ehlukile kumoya nomzimba wenyama. Ifilosofi yamaHindu ikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemiphefumulo, kodwa kunzima ukunamathisela izitatimende ohlelweni oluthile. Abanye ababhali bemfundiso yemfundiso yenkolo bahlukanisa phakathi kwemiphefumulo emithathu—umphefumulo waphezulu (ubuddhi), umphefumulo womuntu (manas), no-kama, umphefumulo wesilwane. Ababhali beTheosophika abavumelani nalokho igama elithi umphefumulo okufanele lisetshenziswe. Ngakho-ke akukho ukucaca, akukho ukufingqa, ngale kwalokhu ukuthi igama elithi umphefumulo lihlanganisa ezincwadini ze-theosophical izici ezihlukahlukene zemvelo engabonakali. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho lokho ngokuvamile okushiwo igama elithi umphefumulo.

Ezinkulumweni ezivamile zezinkulumo ezinjengokuthi “ukuthanda ngenhliziyo nangomphefumulo,” “nginganikela umphefumulo wami ngenxa yalokho,” “ukumvulela umphefumulo wami,” “umkhosi womphefumulo nokugeleza kokucabanga,” “amehlo omphefumulo,” “izilwane zine imiphefumulo,” “imiphefumulo yabafileyo,” inezela ekudidekeni.

Kubonakala sengathi isici esisodwa esifana ngazo siwukuthi umphefumulo usho into engabonakali nengaphatheki, futhi ngenxa yalokho hhayi into yasemhlabeni, nokuthi umlobi ngamunye usebenzisa leli gama ukuze ahlanganise leyo ngxenye noma izingxenye ezingabonakali ngendlela azizwa ejabule ngayo.

Kulokhu okulandelayo kunikezwa imibono ethile yokuthi igama elithi umphefumulo kufanele lisetshenziswe kanjani.

Umuthi ubonakala ngesikhathi ngasinye sokuphefumula, into ikhishwa umoya. Lapho into iziphefumula ngokwayo, iyaziphefumulela njengezinto; okungukuthi, izinhlangano ezizimele, amayunithi ngamanye. Iyunithi ngayinye inamandla, nakuba kungeyona into engenzeka ngokushesha, yokuba yinto enkulu kakhulu engacatshangwa. Iyunithi ngayinye ngayinye lapho iphefumula inesici esikabili, okungukuthi, uhlangothi olulodwa luyashintsha, olunye aluguquki. Uhlangothi olushintshayo luyingxenye ebonisiwe, olungaguquki luyingxenye engabonakali noma yento. Ingxenye ebonakalisiwe umoya nomphefumulo, amandla kanye nendaba.

Lokhu kubili komoya nomphefumulo kutholakala kulo lonke iqoqo lezinguquko eziphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa.

Iyunithi ngayinye ingena ekuhlanganisweni namanye amayunithi, kodwa ayilokothi ilahlekelwe ukuhluka kwayo, nakuba ingenabo ubunikazi ekuqaleni.

Ekwehleni kwenyama kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokomoya kuya ezigabeni zakamuva zokuqina, okungukuthi, entweni yenyama, umoya kancane kancane ulahlekelwa ukubusa kwawo, futhi udaba luzuza ukuphakama ngamazinga afanayo. Igama elithi amandla lisetshenziswa esikhundleni somoya, elihambisana nawo, kuyilapho indaba isetshenziswa esikhundleni somphefumulo.

Umuntu osebenzisa leli gama elithi udaba akufanele acabange ukuthi usekhiphe igama elithi umphefumulo futhi uyazi ukuthi yini indaba. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi wazi kancane ukuthi uyini indaba njengoba azi ukuthi umphefumulo uyini. Uyakwazi ukubukeka kwemizwa yezimfanelo ezithile nezakhiwo zento, kodwa mayelana nokuthi iyini indaba, ngaphandle kwalokhu, akazi, okungenani inqobo nje uma imibono yakhe evusa inkanuko iwumzila ulwazi olufinyelela kuye.

Umoya nomphefumulo nengqondo akufanele kusetshenziswe ngokushintshana njengomqondofana. Emhlabeni kunemiyalo eyisikhombisa noma izigaba zemiphefumulo ezindizeni ezine. Izigaba eziyisikhombisa zemiphefumulo ziyizinhlobo ezimbili: imiphefumulo eyehlayo kanye nemiphefumulo ekhuphukayo, eyokuguquguquka kanye neyokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Imiphefumulo eyehlayo inikwa amandla, iyakhuthazwa, igqugquzelwa esenzweni somoya. Imiphefumulo ekhuphukayo, noma uma ingenjalo, kufanele, ikhuliswe futhi iqondiswe ingqondo. Emine kweyisikhombisa imiphefumulo yeMvelo, i-oda ngalinye lineziqu eziningi emhlabeni elingaphansi kwalo. Umoya uphoqelela umphefumulo owehlayo endleleni yokuguquguquka usuka kokamoya ongabonakali uye emzimbeni ophathekayo ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zezimpilo namafomu kanye nezigaba zemvelo, uze uthuthuke noma ulethwe esimweni somuntu wenyama. Umoya noma imvelo icindezela umphefumulo uye phambili inqobo nje uma uhileleka, kodwa kufanele ngengqondo iphakanyiswe njengomphefumulo okhuphukayo endleleni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngamadigri ahlukahlukene esimiso ngasinye kwezintathu kusukela kokufa komuntu kuya kokungafi kwaphezulu. . Umphefumulo uwukuvezwa, ingqikithi kanye nengqikithi yomoya, nempilo kanye nokuba khona kwengqondo.

Ukuze sihlukanise phakathi kwemithetho eyisikhombisa singase siyibize imiphefumulo eyehlayo ngokuthi imiphefumulo yokuphefumula, imiphefumulo yokuphila, imiphefumulo emafomu, imiphefumulo yobulili; neziyalo ezikhuphukayo: imiphefumulo yezilwane, imiphefumulo yabantu, nemiphefumulo engafi. Ngokuphathelene nokwesine, noma ukuhleleka kobulili, makuqondwe ukuthi umphefumulo awuwona ubulili. Ubulili buyisici sento engokwenyama, lapho yonke imiphefumulo kufanele ithoniswe ngaphambi kokuba ikhuliswe endleleni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngengqondo. I-oda ngalinye lithuthukisa umuzwa omusha emphefumulweni.

Imiyalo emine yemvelo imiphefumulo ayikho futhi ayikwazi ukungafi ngaphandle kosizo lwengqondo. Zikhona njengokuphefumula noma izimpilo noma amafomu isikhathi eside, bese ziba khona emzimbeni wenyama isikhathi eside. Ngemva kwesikhashana ayayeka ukuba khona njengemiphefumulo emzimbeni futhi kumelwe adlule enkathini yoshintsho oluholela ekufeni. Khona-ke oguqukweni kuvela inhlangano entsha, isidalwa esisha, lapho imfundo noma isipiliyoni ngalolo hlelo kuqhubeka.

Lapho ingqondo ixhuma nomphefumulo ukuwuphakamisa, ingqondo ayikwazi ukuphumelela ekuqaleni. Umphefumulo wesilwane unamandla kakhulu engqondweni futhi uyenqaba ukukhuliswa. Ngakho iyafa; ilahlekelwa isimo sayo; kodwa ebuntwini bayo obubalulekile obungenakulahleka ingqondo ibiza enye indlela. Ingqondo iphumelela ukuphakamisa umphefumulo usuka esilwaneni uye esimweni somuntu. Lapho umphefumulo kumelwe ukhethe ukuthi uyafuna yini ukubuyela esilwaneni noma uqhubekele kokungafi. Izuza ukungafi kwayo lapho yazi ukuthi ingubani ngaphandle kwayo futhi izimele ngaphandle komqondo oyisizile. Khona-ke lokho okwakungumphefumulo kuba ingqondo, futhi ingqondo eyaphakamisa umphefumulo ukuze ube ingqondo ingase idlule ngale kwemihlaba emine ebonakalisiwe ibe yilowo ongabonakali, futhi ibe munye noMphefumulo Waphezulu wabo bonke. Ukuthi lowo mphefumulo uyini kwachazwa isihloko somhleli esithi “Soul,” February, 1906, Umq. II, Izwi.

Kunomphefumulo noma umphefumulo oxhumene nayo yonke inhlayiya yento noma imvelo, ebonakalayo nengabonakali; ngayo yonke imizimba, noma ngabe umzimba ungowamaminerali, imifino, isilwane noma isidalwa sasezulwini, noma inhlangano yezombangazwe, yezimboni noma yezemfundo. Lokho okushintshayo kungumzimba; lokho okungaguquki, kuyilapho kubambe ndawonye umzimba oguqukayo oxhumene nawo, umphefumulo.

Lokho umuntu afuna ukukwazi akukhona kangako ngenani nezinhlobo zemiphefumulo; ufuna ukwazi ukuthi uyini umphefumulo womuntu. Umphefumulo womuntu awuwona umqondo. Ingqondo ayifi. Umphefumulo womuntu awufi, nakuba ungase ube ongafi. Ingxenye yomqondo ixhuma nomphefumulo womuntu noma yehlela emzimbeni womuntu; futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphindukuzalwa noma ukuphindukuzalwa, nakuba leli gama linganembile. Uma umphefumulo womuntu unganikezi ukumelana kakhulu nomqondo, futhi uma ingqondo iphumelela enjongweni yokuba sesimweni somuntu, iphakamisa umphefumulo womuntu usuke esimweni somphefumulo ofayo uye esimweni sokungafi. Khona-ke lokho okwakungumphefumulo womuntu ofayo kuba okungafi—ingqondo. UbuKristu, futhi ikakhulukazi imfundiso yokubuyisana ngokubusa, isekelwe kuleli qiniso.

Ngomqondo othile futhi olinganiselwe umphefumulo womuntu uyisimo se-ethereal nesingaphatheki, i-wraith noma isipoki somzimba wenyama, obambe ukwakheka nezici zomzimba wenyama oguqukayo ndawonye futhi uzigcine ziphelele. Kodwa umphefumulo womuntu ungaphezu kwalokhu; kungubuntu. Umphefumulo womuntu noma ubuntu buyindalo emangalisayo, inhlangano enkulu, lapho kuhlanganiswe khona izinjongo eziqondile, abameleli abavela kuyo yonke imiyalo yemiphefumulo eyehlayo. Ubuntu noma umphefumulo womuntu uyabambana futhi uhlanganisa izinzwa zangaphandle nezangaphakathi nezitho zazo, futhi ulawula futhi uvumelanise imisebenzi yazo engokwenyama nengokwengqondo, futhi igcina ulwazi nenkumbulo phakathi nesikhathi sokuba khona kwayo. Kodwa uma umphefumulo womuntu ofayo ungavuswanga esimweni sawo somuntu ofayo—uma ungazange ube ingqondo—khona lowo mphefumulo noma ubuntu bayafa. Ukuvuswa komphefumulo ukuze ube nengqondo kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokufa. Lokhu kuba ingqondo kusho ukuthi umuntu uyazi ukuthi ungubani ngaphandle nangaphandle komzimba wenyama nezinzwa zangaphandle nezingaphakathi. Ngokufa kobuntu noma umphefumulo womuntu imiphefumulo emele ewuqambayo iyakhululwa. Babuyela emiyalweni yabo eyahlukene yemiphefumulo eyehlayo, ukuze baphinde bangene enhlanganisela yomphefumulo womuntu. Lapho umphefumulo womuntu ufa akusho ukuthi ulahlekile futhi ngokuvamile awulahleki. Kukhona lokho okukuyo okungafi lapho umzimba wayo wenyama kanye nesimo sawo sesipoki sicekelwa phansi. Lokho komphefumulo womuntu ongafi igciwane elingabonakali elingabonakali, igciwane lobuntu, okubizwa kulo kuphume ubuntu obusha noma umphefumulo womuntu futhi kwakhiwa kuwo umzimba omusha wenyama. Lokho okubiza igciwane lobuntu noma umphefumulo ingqondo, lapho lowo mqondo usulungile noma ulungiselela ukuba yinyama. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kobuntu bomphefumulo womuntu kuyisisekelo okusekelwe kuso imfundiso yovuko.

Ukwazi ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemiphefumulo umuntu udinga ulwazi lokuhlaziya kanye nolwazi olunzulu lwesayensi, phakathi kwawo okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali, i-biology kanye ne-physiology. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuyeka ukusonteka esikuthanda ukukubiza ngokuthi i-metaphysics. Lelo gama kufanele limelele isimiso sokucabanga esinembile nesinokwethenjelwa njengezibalo. Sihlonyiswe ngesimiso esinjalo namaqiniso esayensi, siyobe sesiba nesayensi yengqondo yeqiniso, isayensi yomphefumulo. Uma umuntu eyifuna uzoyithola.

Umngani [HW Percival]