THE
I-WORD
APRIL 1915
| I-Copyright 1915 ka-HW PERCIVAL |
AMADODA NABANGANE
Kuyini ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-magnetism ne-gravitation, futhi bahluke kanjani, uma kunjalo? Futhi yikuphi ukuhlobana phakathi kwamagnetism nesilwane samagnetism, futhi bahluke kanjani, uma kunjalo?
Isayensi esebenza ngokufanele ayisho ukuthi yini i-gravelosation, futhi iyavuma ukuthi ayazi. Amaqiniso, nokho, abhekwa ososayensi, futhi abizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi, kuthiwa, kukhona ukudonsela okuthi wonke umzimba unakho kuwo wonke amanye umzimba ngokwesisindo sawo, nokuthi amandla wokudonsa ancishiswa ukwanda kwebanga phakathi kwemizimba futhi lenyuka ngokusondela kwaso. Ukulandelana kwamaqiniso, okubizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi, kuyaziveza ngaphandle kokuhleleka kwezinhlayiya ezisemizimbeni. Ngakho-ke, zonke izindimbane zomzimba kuthiwa zivukela komunye nomunye.
I-Magnetism ingamandla angaqondakali maqondana nemvelo isayensi enikeze ulwazi oluncane ngayo, yize amanye amaqiniso abalethwe ngamandla kazibuthe azi kahle ososayensi. I-Magnetism ungamandla aziveza ngawo. Izibuthe ngumzimba lapho zonke noma izinhlayiya ezithile zivela khona njengobumba, nalapho izembe phakathi kwezigxobo zezinhlayiya licishe lifane. Izingqinamba ezinhle zezinhlayiya ezinamasondo acishe afane akhomba endaweni eyodwa, izingongolo ezingezinhle zalezi zinhlayiya zikhomba ngaphesheya. Umzimba uzibuthe, ngokuya ngobuningi bezinhlayiya ezinama-axel parallel acishe afanayo noma acishe afane ne-polarity. Izibuthe zisondela ekupheleleni njengezibuthe, ngokulingana nenani lezinhlayiya zalo ezinjengamazembe ahambelana nalokhu, ngokuqhathaniswa nenani lezinhlayiya ezingenalo izembe elihambisanayo futhi ezingafani nobumbano. I-Magnetism ivela ngomzimba ngokuya ngesilinganiso sezinhlayiya ezisisindweni somzimba ezinamandla kazibuthe, okuwukuthi, kufana nobumbano nezimbazo ngokufana. I-Magnetism ingamandla akhona yonke indawo emhlabeni, kodwa ibonakala kuphela ngemizimba enezakhi zamandla ezinhlayiya zawo. Lokhu kusebenza ezintweni ezingaphili.
Amandla afanayo aphakanyiselwa kumandla aphezulu emizimbeni yezilwane. Amandla kazibuthe wukusebenza kwamandla ngokusebenzisa imizimba yezilwane, lapho izidumbu zisesimweni esithile sokwakheka. Isakhiwo esizoba namandla kazibuthe kufanele ukuthi izinhlayiya ezisemangqamuzaneni namaseli omzimba wesilwane zingezesakhiwo ukuze amandla kazibuthe womhlaba avele adlule kuzo. Ukuze kufinyelele kuleso sakhiwo, isakhiwo kufanele sifane naleso kuzibuthe ezingaphili. I-axis yomzimba wesilwane ngumgogodla, futhi izidumbu zezilwane zinamandla lapho izinhlayiya ezisemangqamuzaneni zilungiswa zihambisana nengxenye ehambelana nomgogodla kanye nomongo emathanjeni. Isenzo esivela ezigodini zomzimba senziwa ngezinzwa. Ubhavu kazibuthe noma insimu ingumuzi ozungeze umzimba. Noma yiziphi izidumbu zezilwane ezihamba ngaphansi kwethonya lale nsimu, zithola imiphumela yamandla kazibuthe aphuma emzimbeni wamandla kazilwane abese abizwa ngokuthi yi-kazibuthe wesilwane.
Amandla kazibuthe ayisiwona amandla kazibuthe, yize enengxenye ekukhiqizeni lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-magnetism yomuntu. Amandla kazibuthe akayona i-hypnotism, noma abantu abanobulukhuni bezilwane bengayisebenzisa ukukhiqiza imiphumela ye-hypnotic.
I-linga sharira, noma ifomu elingabonakali lomzimba wenyama, ibhethri lokugcina impilo. Enye yezindlela ezisebenza lapho impilo isebenza khona kazibuthe. Uma i-linga sharira emzimbeni womuntu inabalingani bayo bokwakheka njengoba kushiwo, okungukuthi, izinhlayiya ngokuhlangana kwezibuthe, lapho-ke ingabamba futhi igcine impilo futhi ingakudlulisela impilo ngaphansi kwengxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-yezemagineism.
Impendulo yombuzo ukuthi abukho yini ubudlelwane obuqondile phakathi kokudonsa amandla nobugagu bezilwane njengoba kuchaziwe. Ayahluka kulokho, ngokuya ngokudonsela phansi, yonke inqwaba idonsa yonke enye inqwaba, futhi amandla abizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi ayasebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi; kodwa amandla abizwa ngokuthi yi-yezinyoni zezilwane awasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ayasebenza kulezo zimo kuphela lapho kunesakhiwo sezilwane, izici zazo ezinjengokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya nokufana kwezimbazo nokufana kwazo.
Kuphi ukwelashwa okwenziwa yi-magnetism yesilwane?
Amandla kazibuthe ngamandla asemhlabeni wonke asebenza ngomzimba womuntu, lapho amaseli ahlukaniswa khona futhi ahlelwe ngendlela ethile, okuyi-polarization nokuhleleka okufaka impilo yendawo yonke emzimbeni futhi kuvume ukudluliselwa kwempilo ngqo komunye umzimba wesilwane.
Umzimba ogulayo unesifo esintula ukuhleleka okufanele kwezinhlayiya zawo, noma kungenye lapho kukhona izithikamezo ekuhambeni kwempilo, noma lapho kwenzeka khona izinguquko ngenxa yokungabikho komoya ojwayelekile nokujikeleza kwempilo. Umuntu onobuchopho bezilwane obuningi, nalowo odluliselwa kalula ngamazibuthewane ezilwane, angaphilisa izifo kwabanye. Angapholisa ngokubakhona kwakhe yedwa ngaphandle kokuthintana nomzimba, noma angaphola ngokuxhumana nomzimba ozophiliswa. Lapho ukuphulukiswa kwenziwa ngokuba khona kwalowo ophilisayo kwenziwa ngokuvalelwa kwabagulayo emkhathini ozungeze ophilisayo. Umkhathi ubhavu uzibuthe, uthweswe impilo yendawo yonke esebenza njengamandla kazilwane. Amandla kazibuthe yigama elibi lamandla amakhulu empilo yendawo yonke, kepha siyayisebenzisa lapha ukuhlala ngaphakathi kokusebenzisa isikhathi esijwayelekile. Ukugeza kusebenza emoyeni womuntu ogulayo futhi kuvame ukubuyisa ukujikeleza kwamandla okuphila kwendawo yonke, ngokususa izithiyo, kuphinde kuzungeze ukujikeleza kwegazi, nangokuphinda kwakhiwe kabusha kwama-molecule amangqamuzana, ukuze amandla okuphila zigeleza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka futhi izitho ezisemzimbeni zivunyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi yazo yemvelo.
Ukupholisa ngamandla kazilwane, lapho kwenziwa ngokuthintana ngqo nomzimba walowo ophilisayo, kwenziwa kangcono lapho izandla zalowo ophilisayo, esebenza njengezigxobo ezinhle nezingalungile, zibekwa emzimbeni noma engxenyeni ethintekile. Amandla kazibuthe angavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, njengamehlo, amabele, kepha izindlela zemvelo kakhulu zokuzisebenzisa zisezandleni zezandla. Isici esibalulekile ekusebenziseni ikhambi ukuthi ingqondo yomphilisi akufanele iphazamise ekudluliseleni ngamandla kazibuthe. Imvamisa ingqondo iyathinta futhi iphazamise nethonya lokupholisa, ngoba umphilisi uvame ukuthanda ukuthi aqondise ukugeleza kwamandla kwengqondo yakhe nomqondo wakhe. Kuzo zonke izimo lapho ophilisa enza khona ngengqondo yakhe maqondana namandla kazibuthe, ngenkathi ezama ukwelapha, uzolimaza, ngoba ingqondo ayisiwenzi lowo owelaphayo, noma ingahle iqondise imibala yombane. Umqondo uphazamisa futhi uphazamisa isenzo semvelo sobuzibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe azosebenza ngokwemvelo uma engaphazanyiswa yingqondo. Imvelo, hhayi ingqondo, ithonya ikhambi. Ingqondo yomuntu ayazi imvelo, futhi ayazi uqobo uma isemzimbeni. Ukube bezazi ngokwalo emzimbeni ngabe ingqondo ibingaphazamisi nemvelo.
Umngani [HW Percival]