IDEMOCRACY IS SELF-GOVERNMENT

UHarold W. Percival

INGXENYE III

UMTHETHOSISEKELO WASE-UNITED STATES NGOWABANTU

Umthethosisekelo wase-United States uwumbukiso oyingqayizivele Wobuhlakani obuphathelene nezindaba zabantu ezilungiselelweni zawo zokunqunywa kwabantu abakhululekile ngohlobo lukahulumeni abakhetha ukuba nalo, nesiphetho sabo njengabantu ngabanye nanjengesizwe. Umthethosisekelo awusho ukuthi akumele kube khona uhulumeni weqembu, noma ukuthi kuzoba nohulumeni weqembu ngelinye lanoma yiliphi inani lamaqembu. NgokoMthethosisekelo amandla akumele abe nanoma yiliphi iqembu noma umuntu; abantu kufanele babe namandla: ukukhetha ukuthi yini abafuna ukuyenza, nokuthi yini abayobe beyenzile kuhulumeni. Bekuyithemba likaWashington nezinye izikhulu zombuso ukuthi kungase kungabi khona amaqembu okhethweni lwabamele uhulumeni ngabantu. Kodwa ipolitiki yamaqembu yangena kuhulumeni, futhi amaqembu aqhubekile kuhulumeni. Futhi, ngokwejwayezi, kuthiwa uhlelo lwamaqembu amabili lulungele abantu.

Ipolitiki Yeqembu

Ipolitiki yeqembu yibhizinisi, umsebenzi, noma umdlalo, noma ngabe yimuphi usopolitiki weqembu afisa ukuwenza njengomsebenzi wakhe. Ipolitiki yeqembu kuhulumeni iwumdlalo wosopolitiki bamaqembu; akuwona uhulumeni wabantu. Osopolitiki beqembu emdlalweni wabo kuhulumeni abakwazi ukunikeza abantu isivumelwano esiyisikwele. Kuhulumeni weqembu okuhle kweqembu kuza kuqala, mhlawumbe okuhle kwezwe, futhi okuhle kwabantu ekugcineni. Osopolitiki beqembu bangama-"Ins" noma "Ukuphuma" kukahulumeni. Abantu bangabakwa-"Ins" noma "Okuphumayo." Ngisho nalapho amanye ama-“Ins” kuhulumeni efuna ukunikeza abantu isivumelwano esiyisikwele, abanye “abakwa-Ins” kanye nabo bonke “abaphumayo” kuhulumeni bayakuvimba. Abantu abakwazi ukuthola amadoda azovikela izimfuno zabo, ngoba labo abantu ababaqokela ezikhundleni bakhethwa amaqembu abo futhi bazibophezele eqenjini labo. Ukunakekela abantu ngaphambi kokunakekela iqembu kuphambene nemithetho engabhaliwe yawo wonke amaqembu. Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi uhulumeni waseMelika uyintando yeningi; kodwa ngeke kube yintando yeningi yeqiniso. Abantu abakwazi ukuba nentando yeningi yeqiniso inqobo nje uma umdlalo wepolitiki yamaqembu usaqhubeka. Ipolitiki yeqembu ayiyona intando yeningi; iphikisana nentando yeningi. Ipolitiki yeqembu ikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bakholwe ukuthi banentando yeningi; kodwa esikhundleni sokuba nohulumeni wabantu, abantu banohulumeni, futhi babuswa, iqembu, noma umphathi weqembu. Intando yeningi iwuhulumeni wabantu; okungukuthi, ngempela, ukuzibusa. Enye ingxenye yokuzibusa ukuthi abantu ngokwabo kufanele baqoke, emadodeni aqavile phambi komphakathi, labo ababathatha njengabafaneleka kakhulu ngokwesimilo nabafaneleke kakhulu ukugcwalisa amahhovisi abaqokelwe kuwo. Futhi kwabaqokiwe abantu babezokhetha okhethweni lukahulumeni nolwezwe lonke labo ababekholelwa ukuthi bakufanelekela kangcono ukubusa.

Impela osopolitiki beqembu bebengeke bakuthande lokho ngoba bebezophelelwa wumsebenzi njengosopolitiki bamaqembu, bese behlulwa wukulawula abantu bese bebhidliza owabo umdlalo, bese belahlekelwa ingxenye yenzuzo etholakala ngokuqola. izibonelelo kanye nezinkontileka zomphakathi kanye nemibandela ebekiwe kanye nenkantolo nokunye ukuqokwa, nokunye nokunye ngaphandle kokuphela. Ukuqokwa nokukhethwa kwabameleli babo kuhulumeni ngabantu ngokwabo kwakuyohlanganisa abantu nohulumeni wabo futhi kubahlanganise enjongweni yabo eyodwa kanye nasezithakazelweni zabo, okungukuthi, ukubusa kwabantu, kanye nezithakazelo zabo bonke abantu njengabantu oyedwa— lokho kungaba uhulumeni wentando yeningi weqiniso. Ngokuphikisana nalokhu, osopolitiki beqembu bahlukanisa abantu ngokwehlukana njengoba kunamaqembu. Iqembu ngalinye lenza inkundla yalo futhi lenze izinqubomgomo zalo ukuze lihehe futhi libambe futhi libambe abantu ababa amalungu alo. Amaqembu kanye nama-partisans anezintandokazi nokucwasa, futhi amaqembu nama-partisans ahlaselana, futhi kunempi eqhubekayo phakathi kwamaqembu nabasekeli bawo. Esikhundleni sokuthi kube nabantu ababumbene kuhulumeni, ipolitiki yamaqembu idala impi yohulumeni, ephazamisa abantu, namabhizinisi, futhi ibangele ukumoshwa okungapheli kuhulumeni, futhi yandise izindleko kubantu kuyo yonke iminyango yezempilo.

Obani-ke ababhekene nalokhu kuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngamaqembu nokubabeka komunye nomunye? Abantu yibona abanomthwalo wemfanelo. Kungani? Ngoba, ngaphandle kokukhetha okumbalwa futhi ngaphandle kokwazi kwabantu iqiniso, osopolitiki nohulumeni bangabameleli babantu. Iningi labantu lingabantu abangenakho ukuzithiba futhi abafisi ukuzibusa. Bangathanda ukuthi abanye bahlele lezi zinto futhi babaphathele uhulumeni, ngaphandle kokufakwa enkingeni noma izindleko zokuzenzela lezi zinto. Abazingenisi inkathazo yokubheka abalingiswa bamadoda abawakhetha ezikhundleni: balalela amazwi abo anobulungiswa nezithembiso ezinomusa; bakhohliseka kalula ngoba ubukhazikhazi babo bubakhuthaza ukuba bakhohliswe, futhi abakuthandayo nokucwasa kuyabakhohlisa futhi kuphembelele izinkanuko zabo; banomfutho wokugembula futhi banethemba lokuthola okuthile mahhala nangomzamo omncane noma cha—bafuna into eqinisekile ngeze. Osopolitiki beqembu babanika leyo nto eqinisekile; yilokho obekufanele ngabe bayazi ukuthi bazokuthola, kodwa bebengakulindele; futhi kufanele bakhokhe izindleko zalokho abakutholayo, nenzalo. Ingabe abantu bayafunda? Cha! Baqala phansi futhi. Abantu babonakala bengafundi, kodwa abangakufundi bakufundisa osopolitiki. Ngakho-ke osopolitiki bafunda umdlalo: abantu bawumdlalo.

Osopolitiki bamaqembu akubona bonke ababi futhi abangathembekile; bangabantu futhi bangabantu; isimo sabo sobuntu sibakhuthaza ukuthi basebenzise ubuqili ukuze bawine abantu njengomdlalo wabo kwezombusazwe zamaqembu. Abantu babafundise ukuthi uma bengasebenzisi amaqhinga bazohlulwa nakanjani. Abaningi abahluliwe kulo mdlalo bayakwazi lokhu ngakho badlala umdlalo ukuze bawine umdlalo. Kungabonakala sengathi abantu bafuna ukusindiswa ngokukhohliswa. Kodwa labo abaye bazama ukusindisa abantu ngokubakhohlisa bazikhohlisa nje.

Esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokufundisa osopolitiki ukuthi bangabanqoba kanjani ngokubakhohlisa, abantu kufanele manje bafundise osopolitiki nalabo abaphokophele emahhovisi kahulumeni ukuthi ngeke besahlupheka bona “bawumdlalo” nempango.

Umdlalo Wasebukhosini Wokuzithiba

Indlela eqinisekile yokumisa umdlalo wepolitiki yamaqembu nokufunda ukuthi iyini intando yeningi yeqiniso, ukuthi wonke umuntu nanoma ubani azithibe futhi azibuse esikhundleni sokulawulwa osopolitiki nabanye abantu. Lokho kubonakala kulula, kodwa akulula; kungumdlalo wempilo yakho: “ukulwa kwempilo yakho”—kanye nokuphila kwakho. Futhi kudinga umdlalo omuhle, umdlalo weqiniso, ukudlala umdlalo futhi ukunqoba impi. Kodwa lowo odlala ngokwanele ukuthi aqale umdlalo futhi ahlale kuwo uthola njengoba eqhubeka ukuthi mkhulu futhi uneqiniso futhi wanelisa kakhulu kunanoma yimuphi omunye umdlalo awaziyo noma ayephupha ngawo. Kweminye imidlalo yezemidlalo, umuntu kufanele aziqeqeshele ukubamba, ukujikijela, ukugijima, ukugxuma, ukuphoqa, ukumelana, ukuzibamba, ukugoba, ukusunduza, ukubalekela, ukuphishekela, ukubambana, ukubekezela, ukulwa, nokunqoba. Kodwa ukuzithiba kuhlukile. Emidlalweni ejwayelekile uqhudelana nezimbangi zangaphandle: emdlalweni wokuzithiba izimbangi zingezakho futhi nguwe. Kweminye imidlalo uphikisana namandla nokuqonda kwabanye; emdlalweni wokuzithiba umzabalazo uphakathi kwemizwa nezifiso ezilungile nezingalungile okungezakho, kanye nokuqonda kwakho ukuthi ungazilungisa kanjani. Kuyo yonke eminye imidlalo uba buthaka futhi ulahlekelwe amandla okulwa ngokukhula kweminyaka; emdlalweni wokuzithiba uthola ukuqonda nokuphatha kahle ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Impumelelo kweminye imidlalo incike kakhulu ekuthandeni noma ekucasukeni nasekuhluleleni abanye; kodwa wena ungumahluleli wempumelelo yakho ekuzithibeni, ngaphandle kokwesaba nokuthandwa muntu. Eminye imidlalo iyashintsha ngesikhathi nangenkathi; kodwa intshisekelo emdlalweni wokuzithiba iwukuphumelela okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangenkathi. Futhi ukuzithiba kufakazela kwabazithibayo ukuthi kuwumdlalo wasebukhosini yonke eminye imidlalo encike kuwo.

Ukuzithiba kuwumdlalo wasebukhosini ngempela ngoba udinga izicukuthwane ukuze ungenele futhi uqhubeke nawo. Kuyo yonke eminye imidlalo uncike ekhonweni namandla akho ukuze unqobe abanye, nasekushayeni ihlombe kwezilaleli noma zomhlaba. Abanye kumele bahlulwe ukuze wena uwine. Kepha emdlalweni wokuzithiba uyisitha sakho nezilaleli zakho; akakho omunye wokujabula noma wokulahla. Ngokuhlulwa, uyawina. Okusho ukuthi, wena ngokwakho onqobile ujabulela ukunqotshwa ngoba uqaphela ukuvumelana nelungelo. Wena, njengoMenzi oqaphelayo wemizwa yakho nezifiso zakho emzimbeni, uyazi ukuthi izifiso zakho ezingalungile zilwela ukuvezwa ngomcabango futhi zenza ngokumelene nokulungile. Angeke zibhujiswe noma ziqedwe, kodwa zingakwazi futhi kufanele zilawulwe futhi ziguqulwe zibe okulungile kanye nemizwa nezifiso ezithobela umthetho; futhi, njengabantwana, baneliseka kakhulu lapho belawulwa futhi bebuswa ngendlela efanele kunokuba bavunyelwe ukwenza ngokuthanda kwabo. Nguwe kuphela ongaziguqula; akekho omunye ongakwenzela lokho. Izimpi eziningi kufanele zilwe ngaphambi kokuba okungalungile kulawulwe futhi kulungiswe. Kodwa uma lokho sekwenziwe uba ngumnqobi empini futhi usuwunqobile umdlalo wokuzithiba, ekuzibuseni.

Awukwazi ukuklonyeliswa ngomqhele womnqobi, noma ngomqhele nentonga njengophawu lwegunya namandla. Lezo izifihlabuso zangaphandle, eziphathelene nabanye; azifani nezimpawu zesimilo. Amamaki angaphandle kwesinye isikhathi afanelekile futhi amakhulu, kepha izimpawu zobuntu zifanelekile futhi zikhudlwana. Izimpawu zangaphandle zingezesikhashana, zizolahleka. Izimpawu zokuzithiba kumlingiswa woMenzi owazi aziyona i-ephemeral, azinakulahleka; bazoqhubeka, benesimilo sokuzithiba nokuzethemba kusukela ekuphileni kuya ekuphileni.

Imizwa Nezifiso Njengabantu

Awu, umdlalo wokuzithiba uhlangene ngani nepolitiki yamaqembu kanye nentando yeningi? Kuyomangaza ukubona ukuthi ukuzithiba kanye nepolitiki yamaqembu kuhlobene kanjani nentando yeningi. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imizwa nezifiso kumuntu oyedwa ziyefana nemizwa nezifiso ezikubo bonke abanye abantu; ukuthi zehluka kuphela ngenani nezinga lokuqina namandla, kanye nendlela yokukhuluma, kodwa hhayi ngohlobo. Yebo, wonke umuntu oke wacabanga ngale ndaba uyakwazi lokho. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi umuzwa nesifiso kusebenza njengebhodi elizwakalayo lemvelo, eliwumzimba wenyama; ukuthi, ngokufanayo, njengoba umuzwa nesifiso kushukunyiswa futhi kuphendule amathoni avela ezintanjeni zevayolini, ngakho yonke imizwa nezifiso zisabela ezinzwa ezine zemizimba yazo lapho zilawulwa futhi zihambisana nomqondo womzimba nezinzwa. lomzimba ezikuwo, lezinto zemvelo. Umqondo womzimba kaMenzi ulawulwa yimvelo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zomzimba okuwo.

Umqondo womzimba uholele imizwa nezifiso eziningi ezihlala emzimbeni ukuthi zikholelwe ukuthi ziyizinzwa nomzimba: futhi imizwa nezifiso azikwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi zihlukile emzimbeni nezinzwa zawo kanye nemizwa, ngakho basabela ekudonsweni kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zayo. Yingakho imizwa nezifiso eziwukuziphatha zicasulwa imizwa nezifiso ezilawulwa yimizwa futhi eziholela ekwenzeni zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha okubi.

Izinzwa azikho isimilo. Izinzwa zihlatshwa umxhwele ngamandla kuphela; wonke umbono ngomqondo ngamunye unamandla emvelo. Ngakho-ke imizwa nezifiso ezivumelana nezinzwa ziyaqhela emizweni yokuziphatha nasezifisweni zoMenzi eziyingxenye yazo futhi zilwe nazo. Kuvame ukuba nesiphithiphithi nokuhlubuka kokubi, ngokumelene nezifiso ezifanele emzimbeni, mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe nokungafanele yenziwe. Leso yisimo nesimo sawo wonke uMenzi owaziyo kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu e-United States, nakuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni.

Imizwa nezifiso zomzimba owodwa womuntu zimele wonke omunye uMenzi kuwo wonke omunye umzimba womuntu. Umehluko phakathi kwemizimba ukhonjiswa ngezinga nendlela umuntu alawula futhi alawule ngayo imizwa nezifiso zakhe, noma eyivumela ukuthi ilawulwe yimizwa futhi imphathe. Umehluko ngesimilo nesikhundla somuntu ngamunye e-United States uwumphumela walokho umuntu ngamunye akwenzile ngemizwa nezifiso zakhe, noma lokho abavumele ukuba bakwenze kuye.

Uhulumeni noma ngomuntu ngamunye

Umuntu ngamunye unguhulumeni kuye ngokwakhe, wanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngemizwa yakhe nezifiso zakhe nokucabanga kwakhe. Qaphela noma yimuphi umuntu. Lokho abonakala eyikho noma ayikho, kuzokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ngemizwa nezifiso zakhe noma lokho azivumele ukuba zenze kuye nakuye. Umzimba womuntu ngamunye unjengezwe emizweni nasezifisweni, ezinjengabantu abahlala ezweni—futhi akukho mkhawulo enanini lemizwa nezifiso ezingaba khona emzimbeni womuntu. Imizwa nezifiso zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningi emzimbeni womuntu ongacabanga. Kukhona okuthandwayo nokungathandwa, izimiso nezifiso, izifiso, izifiso, amathemba, izinto ezinhle nezimbi, ezifisa ukuvezwa noma ukwaneliseka. Umbuzo uthi, ngabe uhulumeni wohlaka uzohambisana kanjani noma anqabe kanjani izimfuno ezahlukene zala maqembu emizwa nezifiso. Uma imizwa nezifiso zibuswa yimizwa, iqembu elibusayo njengesifiso sokuvelela noma isifiso sokudla noma ukuhaha noma inkanuko liyovunyelwa ukwenza noma yini ngaphakathi komthetho; futhi umthetho wemizwa uyinzuzo. Lezi izinzwa azilungile.

Njengoba iqembu lilandela iqembu, noma ubugovu noma isifiso sokuvelela noma ububi noma amandla, unjalo nohulumeni wenhlangano ngayinye. Futhi njengoba abantu bebuswa umqondo womzimba nezinzwa, ngakho zonke izinhlobo zikahulumeni zingabamele abantu kanye nemizwa ekhona kanye nezifiso zikahulumeni ngokwemizwa. Uma iningi labantu besizwe lidelela isimilo, uhulumeni waleso sizwe uyobuswa yimizwa, ngenkani, ngoba izinzwa azikho isimilo, bahlatshwa umxhwele amandla kuphela, noma yilokho okubonakala kuwusizo kakhulu ukukwenza. Abantu nohulumeni babo bayashintsha futhi bafe, ngoba ohulumeni nabantu babuswa ngamandla emizwa, kancane kancane ngaphansi komthetho wokufaneleka.

Imizwa nezifiso zidlala ipolitiki yeqembu kuhulumeni wabo, ngabodwana noma ngamaqembu. Imizwa nezifiso kuhwebelana ngalokho ezikufunayo kanye nalokho abazimisele ukukwenza ukuze bathole abakufunayo. Ingabe bayokwenza okungalungile, futhi bayokwenza okubi ngezinga elingakanani, ukuze bathole lokho abakufunayo: noma, ingabe bayokwenqaba ukwenza okubi? Imizwa nezifiso kulowo nalowo kufanele azinqumele ngokwazo: yikuphi okuzovumela izinzwa futhi kulalele umthetho wabo wenkani, ngaphandle komuntu siqu: futhi yikuphi okuzokhetha ukwenza ngomthetho wokuziphatha futhi kubuswe ukulunga nokucabanga okuvela ngaphakathi kuye?

Ingabe umuntu ufuna ukulawula imizwa nezifiso zakhe futhi akhiphe ukuhleleka ekuphazamisekeni okungaphakathi kuye, noma ngeke yini akhathazeke ngokwanele ukuba enze lokho futhi uzimisele ukulandela lapho izinzwa zakhe ziholela khona? Yilowo mbuzo okufanele umuntu ngamunye azibuze wona, futhi kufanele aphendule yena. Lokho azokuphendula ngeke kunqume ikusasa lakhe kuphela kodwa kuyobe kusiza ngezinga elithile ekunqumeni ikusasa labantu base-United States nohulumeni wabo. Lokho umuntu akunqumayo ngekusasa lakhe, uyikho, ngokwezinga lakhe nesimo sakhe nesikhundla, unquma njengekusasa labantu angumuntu ngamunye wabo, futhi kulelo zinga uzenzela uhulumeni.