UKUCABANGA NOKUPHILA

UHarold W. Percival

ISAHLUKO V

I-DESTINY YOKUPHILA

Isigaba 5

Isiphetho seqembu. Sukuma futhi uwe wesizwe. Amaqiniso omlando. Amagama omthetho. Izinkolo njengokuphela kweqembu. Kungani umuntu ezalwa enkolweni.

Group phetho is a phetho okuthinta ngokufanayo okuthile inombolo kwabantu. Yabo imicabango ukwenzile lokho phetho kubo. Amalungu omkhaya angase abe nento ethile phetho okufanayo. Zinozalo olufanayo, amasiko kanye nodumo, zihlobene nendawo futhi zabelana ngezinga elithile ukuxhumana kwezenhlalo namasiko. Ngokuvamile yabo evamile phetho ukushoda kwakho konke lokhu ngaphandle kwendawo kanye nozalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izici zomzimba ezifanayo zivela phakathi kwamalungu omndeni futhi ziqokwe njengefa. Kweminye imindeni amalungu ayaqhubeka ezalwa kabusha ngokuphila okuningana. Bathola lokho abakunike isibongo nokuma noma abakuvumele ukuthi kwenzeke kukho. Iqembu phetho ingase ithinte amalungu omkhaya isizukulwane esisodwa noma ezimbili kuphela, noma ingase idlule amakhulu eminyaka. Abantu badonswa emndenini futhi bagcinwe lapho ngokufana komcabango; inqobo nje uma lokho kufana kuqhubeka umndeni ubanjwa ndawonye. Ubunikazi bomhlaba phambilini obubandakanya, noma ukuhlala nje endaweni kwakuyindlela yokusungula nokuthuthukisa umndeni. Esikhathini samanje umcabango usushintshile futhi umhlaba awuseyona indlela eyinhloko yokuqhubekisela phambili umndeni. Kwesinye isikhathi kunobutha imicabango donsa abantu emndenini owodwa naseqenjini lawo phetho.

Abantu bahlanganyela eqenjini phetho, okungukuthi, izimo zenyama, zomphakathi wabo ngenxa yabo imicabango babenokuthile abafana ngakho; lezi zibaletha endaweni eyodwa noma idolobhana, nezimo nezintshisekelo ezifanayo. Nakuba iziphetho ezihlukene emiphakathini enjalo zihluka, kunesibopho esithile somqondo ofanayo esidonsela abantu futhi sibagcine endaweni. Lapho banolimi olufanayo, indawo engokoqobo, indawo yakubo, amasiko kanye ubumnandi; lapho bayaganana futhi lapho bahlangabezana nesiphetho esifanayo ngezikhathi zokuchuma, izinsizi, ubhubhane, umlilo, ukukhukhuleka noma impi. Lokho umuntu ngamunye akutholayo enhlekeleleni evamile kuyinto ingaphandle esakhe esedlule imicabango. Uma isiphetho esivamile singahambelani nomjikelezo wanoma yimuphi umcabango walabo abakhona endaweni enjalo, bayabaleka. Ngakho-ke kukhona okuhlukile okuyisimangaliso esiphetho esivamile lapho abaningi bebuthelwa ndawonye futhi benziwa ukuba bahlupheke, njengasekuphahlazekeni komkhumbi, enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini eshayo, isakhiwo esiwayo, isikhukhula noma ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo noma kwezombusazwe.

Abantu bazalelwa esizweni noma esizweni ngenxa yabo imicabango, kanye nesimo kanye uhlamvu ezenziwe yibona, zidwebe lapho. Benza ujenene umoya, uhlamvu, izici ezingavamile kanye nokuthambekela komjaho, futhi uzithuthukise, uziqinise noma uziguqule. Abantu benza umoya okungukuthi Unkulunkulu lomjaho, bayawudala ngomcabango wabo. Iphefumula ngabamele lolo hlanga; yingakho kuza ukungabi nandaba noma ubandlululo ngokumelene nalabo abangekho noma abaphikisana nezwe umoya. Bonke abacabanga ngendlela efanayo badonsekela umoya futhi ekugcineni bazalelwa emjahweni, lapho behlanganyela khona iqembu lawo phetho ngezinga labo imicabango ingakhishwa ngaphandle ku- isikhathi, isimo nendawo.

Ngokujwayelekile abantu banoma yiluphi uhlanga bangabakho ngokwemvelo, ngokwezinga lokuthuthuka kwabo abenzi kanye nemizimba. Nokho, abanye bazalelwa emncintiswaneni ukuze bathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile; abanye ngoba bezingela umjaho; abanye ngenxa yokuthi banelungelo lezinzuzo ezikhethekile ezivela kuyo; futhi abanye ngoba kufanele benze okuthile umsebenzi ngoba: bonke babelane ngeqembu phetho.

Ngesikhathi isikhathi yenhlekelele engavamile, njengasezikhathini zendlala, ukunqotshwa empini, ukucindezelwa yisizwe esinobutha, ukuvukela umbuso nokungabi namthetho, abantu bangaphandle bakhona ukuze bahlanganyele iqembu. phetho. Laba bantu bangaphandle bazalelwa emncintiswaneni ngokwemvelo njengalabo abangabawo, ukuze babe khona lapho isikhathi uma kwenzeka lezi zinhlekelele. Baphumele ngaphandle kubo ngenhlekelele yomphakathi lokho abazidonsele bona ngokwabo imicabango. Kunjalo nakulabo abenzi abangena ukuze babambe iqhaza enkathini yokuphumelela, yokucwengwa kanye nobukhazikhazi.

Ukuvuka noma ukuwa kwesizwe kungenxa yento ethile wacabanga eba yizwe lonke wacabanga. Okufanayo wacabanga lokho okuvezwe ngaphandle emandleni futhi impumelelo enkulu kakhulu yesizwe ngokuvamile iyimbangela yokwehla, ukuwa kanye nokushabalala kwaso. Iqoqo labantu lakha i- wacabanga futhi ayithuthukise. Abanye badonswa ukufana kwabo imicabango kanye nosizo ekwakhiweni kwesizwe ngokusebenzisa ingaphandle womcabango wayo obusayo. Abanye imicabango zinamandla ngokwanele ukugcina isizwe siphakeme amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba sinikezwe ngaphansi abenzi noma liyacwila noma licishiwe. Ukunyamalala okuphelele kwabantu abanjengabaseCarthage, abaseGibhithe noma amaGreki asendulo kuwubufakazi bokuthi ngezikhathi ezinzima babengekho abantu abanele ukunikeza umcabango wesizwe umfutho omusha owawuzothwala isizwe ekuqongeleleni. ingaphandle zesikhathi sayo esidlule imicabango.

Kukhona isikhathi, futhi ubude bayo bungeqi eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu, lapho zonke izizwe zazingase zinyamalale njengenhlangano yezombangazwe ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo. phetho. The imicabango kuzo zonke izizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiriphabhulikhi noma ubukhosi, yiqoqo imicabango labantu bayo. Uma lezi imicabango kukhona, futhi esikhathini esidlule, ziqondiswe ekuzuzeni umuntu ngamunye noma ekunqobeni komphakathi, ekukhohliseni noma ekucindezelweni, zikhishwa ngaphandle ezinhlekeleleni zomphakathi. Lezi imicabango izoqeda inhlangano yezombangazwe njengombuso. Kodwa cishe njalo kukhona umuntu onombono obanzi futhi odala umcabango omusha noma omusha umuzwa noma ukuguqulwa kwalezo ezikhona. Kulokhu usizwa ngabathile abaphelele be-Triune Selves ababuka futhi basize umhlaba. Ngaleyondlela isizwe sidlula esikhathini esibucayi. Yebo akekho noyedwa umuntu owayengasindisa isizwe; kufanele kube nokwanele inombolo kwabantu abasekela umcabango ovuselelayo, futhi uma bengathola ukucatshangelwa komcabango isizwe siyaqhubeka, ngaphandle kwalokho siyehla.

Amadoda ayazitika futhi enza izinto ezinobugovu. Ukuzuza nokwandisa izimpahla, ukuba nenduduzo nokuphepha komuntu siqu kanye nokusebenzisa amandla, izisusa zabo imicabango. Ukuvukela umbuso nokubalekela impi umsebenzi ezimpini, ukubusa, ukugwetshwa intela kanye namalungelo akhethekile ngokuthula, kuyizimo ezimbi kakhulu. Futhi cishe wonke umuntu unesithakazelo ezindabeni zomphakathi kuphela ngezinga lezinzuzo zomuntu siqu azilindele. Amadoda afuna umusa omncane lapha nezipho ezinkulu lapho, azi ukuthi azokwenza inzuzo ngokulahlekelwa umphakathi noma ubulungiswa. Cishe wonke umuntu unezela ekuthambekeni okuvamile kwenkohlakalo ezikhungweni zikahulumeni. Abanye abantu bakhuthele ngaphansi kobuhlungu bezithakazelo zobugovu, iningi labo bangamavila futhi bangenzi lutho ukuthanda yokukhululeka. Maningi amadoda angaba yizikhulu ezinhle, kodwa awatholakali. Abantu abanasi futhi ngeke basisekele isikhulu esilungile, kodwa bayasishiya futhi basishiye indoda edanile. Ngakho abawatholi amadoda angcono kakhulu, futhi uma bethola amadoda anezinhloso ezinhle, ngokuvamile bayawaphoqa ukuba azivikele ngokukhononda noma ngenkohlakalo.

Ngakho-ke izikhulu zikahulumeni ezikhundleni zobukhosi, ama-oligarchies namademokhrasi, zimbi njengoba zinjalo. Bangabameleli babantu; kuzo imicabango labantu bathathile ifomu. Labo abangekho ezikhundleni bangenza njengoba kwenza izikhulu ezikhona, noma okubi nakakhulu, ukube bebenazo ithuba. Izikhulu ezikhohlakele zingabamba izikhundla kanye nezikhundla kuphela inqobo nje uma imicabango labantu bonakele. Izinduna ezinonya zazikwazi ukucindezela abantu inqobo nje uma iningi labantu, ukube lalisendaweni yezingcweti, lalizokwenza njengoba kwenza obala. Ama-Despots aphile kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ahlanganisa izifiso futhi izifiso labantu ababebusa phezu kwabo. INkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki yamaKatolika yokucindezela ukuhlubuka yayikhona inqobo nje uma iveza lokho imicabango yabantu.

Lapho imicabango kubantu bafuna ushintsho ukuze indoda ibe ngcono ngokuvamile ibonakala ikulwela. Uveza ezabo imicabango; kodwa ngokuvamile bayamshiya lapho izenzo zakhe zidinga ukusekelwa yibona. Uma kuwumbuzo wokukhetha phakathi kwezithakazelo zomphakathi kanye nezithakazelo zabo ezizimele, izimfuno zangasese ziba namandla. Ngokuvamile labo abakhononda ngokungalawuleki, izintela, ukuphanga noma okunye ukungabi nabulungisa, nabo bangaba necala lalokho. okungalungile uma nje bengabenza ngaphandle kokujeziswa. Abantu abasemandleni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaphansi kwentando yeningi, yilabo abakwazi ukubona futhi basebenzise ubuthakathaka bomuntu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. isikhathi babe namandla futhi bazimisele ukuthatha izingozi ezingaphezu kwesixuku.

Eqinisweni amaqiniso zomlando zaziwa kancane. Ukudunyiswa kwesizwe sabo kanye inkolo ezincwadini zesikole, ukukhethwa kwezihloko ezivumayo ngezikhathi zomphakathi, ukucindezelwa amaqiniso, umusho obambekayo lapha nalaphaya, yilokho bonke abangebona izibukeli eziseduze zomlando abakutholayo ngawo. Ubuthakathaka nokungalungi kwabantu ngabanye, kanye nokungenzi kahle, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kanye nenkohlakalo yalabo abahileleke ezindabeni zomphakathi nezikazwelonke, ngokuvamile kuhlala kufihliwe—kubo bonke umthetho. Ikakhulukazi kulezi ezingabonwa amaqiniso wozani iqembu phetho yengcindezelo, ukungabi nabulungiswa, impi, ukuvukela umbuso, izintela ezinzima, iziteleka, ubumpofu kanye nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Labo abakhala ngala mashwa baphakathi kwezimbangela zabo.

Izinto ezibonakala zingabalulekile zingase zibe izici ikusasa lomzimba. Ingxenye kuphela yalokho umuntu akudlayo engasetshenziswa nguye; lokho angeke akusebenzise kungokomhlaba. Kufanele abuyele emhlabeni, ngendlela ehlanzekile, udoti womzimba ngemva kokuba esewusebenzisile ukudla umhlaba omnikele khona. Umphakathi ohambisa imfucuza kanye nokubola kwawo ndaba emfuleni noma echibini, enza a okungalungile. Kunjalo ndaba ungcolisa amanzi. Abaningi izifo futhi izifo eziwumshayabhuqe emadolobheni zidalwe ngalokho. Leli yiqembu phetho.

Ngezikhathi ezibucayi kuvuka amadoda athile futhi afeze imiphumela engavamile. Amadoda anjalo ngokuvamile angama-ejenti aqulekile umthetho. Iqembu phetho yabantu bakubo ibiza ithuluzi abantu imicabango kungenziwa ngaphandle. Kuvela indoda uma imicabango labantu bakhe bayamdinga. Akukho muntu walolu hlobo okufanele kuthiwe wenza konke akwenzayo. Wenza ngoba ephoqelekile ukuba enze okuthile nangenxa yokuthi uvunyelwe ukubona indlela yokufeza okwakhe Injongo. Amanye amadoda anjalo ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kwakunguPalmerston, uBismarck, uCavour, uMazzini noGaribaldi.

IsiNgisi umoya okwedlule wenza uLord Palmerston, wamgcina esikhundleni futhi wakhiqiza ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe isikhathi eside imiphumela eyatholwa iBrithani ngaye. UBismarck wayengumPrussia; kuye ngokwakhe wayeyindoda enamandla nenamandla; kodwa okwamenza waphumelela yi isikhathi, indawo, kanye nemibandela, eyayivumela wacabanga yesikole sasePrussian, ezokuphatha, ezempi namandla, okumele zikhishwe ngaphandle njenge wacabanga kulo lonke elaseJalimane. Ngendlela efanayo isiNtaliyane imicabango yobuzwe kanye ne Inkululeko kusukela ebudloveni base-Austrian kanye nokungalawuleki kukaPapa, kwavezwa empumelelweni kaCavour, uMazzini noGaribaldi.

Ngezinye izikhathi ama-ejenti umthetho kukhona uyazi amanxusa. UWashington, uHamilton, uLincoln noNapoleon babengalolu hlobo. UWashington wayazi ukuthi wayezoba umholi wangempela wabantu kanye nomsunguli wesizwe esisha. UHamilton empeleni wayazi ukuthi kufanele abeke izisekelo zezimali zaseMelika kuhulumeni. ULincoln wayazi ukuthi kwakufanele alondoloze iNyunyana, futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ngamandla anobugovu nashiseka ayemzungezile. Wafeza i Injongo abekwe icala ngalo Intelligence wakhuluma ngokuthi uNkulunkulu.

Umsebenzi kaNapoleon eYurophu kwakuwukususa izipoki zakudala zobukhosi ezazigcine iYurophu isiyaluyalu, ukuchitheka kwegazi kanye nobugqila amakhulu eminyaka. Wayezonikeza la mazwe i ithuba kuhulumeni wabantu bebonke. Wehluleka ngoba abantu baseFrance, nakuba babethi bafuna inkululeko, ukulingana nobuzalwane, babezimisele ngempela ukuvumela uNapoleon ukuthi abenzele ubukhosi obusha futhi abanqobele umhlaba. Uthole iziyalezo kwamanye ama-ejenti e-Triune Selves ephelele; wayezonikeza iFrance uhulumeni oyisibonelo; futhi iYurophu yayizoyifanisa, uma abantu babezokwenza. Kwakungafanele ashiye indaba yobukhosi, ukuze angalutholi uhlu lozalo. Isifiso sakhe samehlula; walahla umkakhe oyinyumba, washada futhi, ukuze abe nomntwana. Ngemva kokunquma ngale nkambo, amandla akhe aqala ukuncipha futhi akabange esakwazi ukubona amathuba noma ukunikeza ngokumelene nezingozi. I phetho abantu baseYurophu bamkhiphela ngaphandle ubuthakathaka bakhe kanye nesifiso sakhe sokuvelela, ukuletha isikhathi sokuphendula esahlala lapho cishe iminyaka eyikhulu.

Group phetho kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi lapho kuba nezinguquko kungazelelwe ezindleleni zikahulumeni, njengalapho kuba nokukhuphuka kwezigqila noma ukuvukela umbuso, futhi kubusa isixuku ngemva kwalokho kudlikizeka.

Izinkolo, futhi, yiqembu phetho. Baphuma ezikhungweni zenkolo zangaphambili, ezingasahambisani nezikhathi kanye nezikhathi imicabango kwabantu. Kancane kancane kwasabalala imibono emisha, futhi kufanele kwenziwe amalungiselelo okuvumela okwakuqala imicabango yezizukulwane ezizayo ezizokhishwa ngaphandle. Khona-ke isimo sengqondo sokuvukela ingqondo isakazeka kuze kube yinto evamile kangangokuthi entsha inkolo ingasekelwa yikho. Phezu kwesehlakalo esilungisiwe kangaka kuvela umsunguli wentsha inkolo. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlala engaziwa. Isigaba esisha se inkolo kuphumelela lapho imizamo eminingi ibhuntshile ngoba isikhathi besingakafiki ukubavumela ukuthi babambe.

Umbuso ongokwasezulwini ukubusa kwabapristi egameni labo uNkulunkulu or onkulunkulu. Abapristi bayabusa; uma i onkulunkulu zihlale zibusa ngokwegunya eliqondile, ngokushesha zishiyela konke kubapristi bazo, abanakekela izindaba ezivamile ukuze kuzuze izikhulu zabapristi. Abapristi banakekela inhlalakahle yabantu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuchuma kwabo. Okwasemuva abenzi ezinye izici zenkonzo engokwasezulwini zivumela imfundo enhle ukuziphatha, njengoba nje ubugqila babuvunyelwe abenzi uthole ukuqeqeshwa. I ukuziphatha ezifundiswayo ziyafana kuzo zonke izimiso zenkolo, futhi azikho zimbi embusweni waphezulu kunakwezinye izinhlelo.

Iqembu phetho yalabo abaphila ngaphansi kombuso ongokwasezulwini iyaphawuleka. Lapho wonke amandla ezwe nawobufundisi asezandleni zabapristi. Izindawo, amahhovisi, izimpahla, izimali ezingenayo nezindleko zazo zonke izinhlobo zitholwa abapristi ngesilinganiso esingadingekile kubaqondisi “abangokomoya”. Inhloso yabo yangempela ukwanelisa umuntu wabo ukuthanda amandla, ukunethezeka kanye nenkanuko. Inqobo nje uma behlanganisa amandla esikhashana nesikhundla sabo sobupristi, babamba abantu abavamile ukungazi, ubuqili, ubugqila, ubumpofu kanye ukwesaba, nezinkomo izicukuthwane. Kwakunjalo eNdiya, eJudiya, eGibhithe, nama-Aztec, nangeNkathi Yobumnyama emazweni lapho iSonto LamaRoma Katolika lalinamandla esikhashana. Iqembu phetho wabantu abavamile yi ingaphandle yobuntwana babo imicabango. Laba babenza bazithobe kubapristi, abakholelwa ukuthi bangabameleli babo uNkulunkulu. Nokho, ngokuvamile lokho kuwukuphela kwendlela yokubuyela emuva abenzi angafundiswa ukuziphatha futhi kungaba inqubekela phambili kube bonke.

Abantu abanjalo a inkolo abazalelwa kuyo ngoba bengabo. Bamakwa yi- uNkulunkulu kwalokho inkolo ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Bangazikhulula kuphela ngomuntu ngamunye ngicabanga. Ngaphandle kweqembu phetho, abantu vele banezabo imicabango of ukuhaha, ubuzenzisi kanye nengcindezelo kwaphumela ngaphandle ezenzakalweni okuyizo zabo phetho. Uma behlanganyele ekushushisweni njengamabhizinisi ahlangene, kungenzeka ukuthi bazoba ndawonye ngamaqembu lapho ingalo yenhlangano umthetho uyashaya.

Abapristi banoma yimuphi umuntu inkolo azihlukile ku isifiso ukuzigcina emandleni ngazo zonke izindlela abangakwazi ngazo. Umpristi ongumFulentshi uCalvin, amaPresbyterian aseScotch, abapristi beSonto LamaNgisi, amaPuritan aseMassachusetts, kuhlanganise nababulali bemilingo baseSalem, bonke babemagange ukuqeda ukuhlubuka futhi bengabacindezeli. Wonke umuntu oshushisa abanye futhi efuna ukuphakama kwezimfundiso zakhe, uthethelela unya lwakhe ngokuthi uzuzisa labo abahlukumezayo. Nokho, ukuzenzisa kanye nezimpikiswano ezaziyisikrini ezinsukwini zokubusa okungokwasezulwini, azisona isivikelo lapho kudingeka inkokhelo, futhi ziyisifundo sokubekezelela kanye nozwela olubanzi esintwini kumele ifundwe eskoleni umthetho. Abapristi, ababulali nezixuku bahlangana nabo phetho ngabodwana noma ngamaqembu. Ngokuqondene nanoma iyiphi inkolo engokwasezulwini, ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa noma ukukholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi, akukho noyedwa kubo, ngokuqondene nabantu abaphila ngaphansi kwayo, ongcono noma omnene kunama-depots anonya kakhulu.

Ngamunye Unkulunkulu unomona ngamandla, nabapristi bomunye inkolo amemezele impi nabakhonza abanye onkulunkulu. The onkulunkulu akusibo ababulawayo; abantu kufanele bakhokhe ngokuphila kwabo phakathi nezimpi zenkolo ezinonya zabapristi. I onkulunkulu emakhanda abo bonke izinkolo kukhona nature onkulunkulu adalwe amadoda; abanjalo Ubuhlakani. Lokhu kuboniswa yi- Iqiniso ukuthi banabapristi ababameleyo; nge isici umlilo, umoya, amanzi noma umhlaba, okungezabo; ngomqondo noma izinzwa ezihlotshaniswa nazo, njengokubonwayo, imisindo, ukunambitheka noma iphunga, ezisetshenziswa emikhubeni izimpawu ekukhonzeni kwabo; futhi, nge Iqiniso ukuthi ngamunye onkulunkulu ikhulekelwa ngokuhlanganyela futhi kukholakala ukuthi ingaphandle.

Konke lokhu kungafundwa ngomunye noma abambalwa empilweni, kodwa iningi labalandeli banoma yikuphi inkolo sihlale ndawonye futhi Okuhlangenwe nakho ngamaqembu noma yini phetho ukuzinikela kwabo, ubuqotho kanye ukwethembeka, noma yabo ubandlululo, ubandlululo nobuzenzisi, noma ukuzidla kwabo, ukushiseka ngokweqile nonya ezinkolelweni zabo ezingokwenkolo kuletha kubo. Ngakho izinkolo hlinzeka iqembu phetho.

Iqembu phetho yalabo abaphila ngaphansi oligarchy abefundisi ibuswa okufanayo umthetho njengalokho okuthinta iqembu phetho yalabo abahlala ngaphansi kwezinye amafomu kahulumeni we-oligarchical. Ama-oligarchies abanikazi bomhlaba abahlonishwayo, amasosha, izikhulu, amakhosi emali, abaphathi bezombangazwe nabaholi bezisebenzi, bonke banezici ezifanayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezici zofuzo kulezi zikhungo; nokho, lapha kanye nakulokhu okuthiwa ifa emzimbeni wenyama, isici sofuzo siyindlela nje yokusebenzela phetho okuyinto njalo imvula kanye concretion of the imicabango yalabo abathintwa yilokhu amafomu kahulumeni.